The Impact of Rice Field Land Conversion on Food Security Threats in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20262404Keywords:
Land Degradation, Agricultural Land, Population Pressure, Land Conservation, Food SecurityAbstract
Introduction: Agricultural land conversion poses a global threat to food security, particularly in developing nations experiencing rapid urbanization and population growth. This study aims to analyze the impact of rice field land conversion on food security threats in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia, where population pressure continues to drive agricultural land loss.
Methods: A quantitative approach was applied using four methodological stages: (1) calculating rice field changes across three time periods (2009, 2015, and 2022) using supervised classification of Landsat 7 and 8 imagery; (2) measuring agricultural land carrying capacity using standardized formulas; (3) determining rice availability based on harvested area and productivity data; (4) predicting rice requirements for food self-sufficiency. Data were obtained from Landsat imagery (2009, 2015, 2022), field surveys conducted in 2023, and Statistics Indonesia (BPS). Analysis was conducted using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software and carrying capacity, rice availability, and demand formulas. The study encompassed all 11 administrative districts of Padang City, with sample areas identified as rice-producing zones.
Results: Rice field area declined significantly from 6,827.40 hectares in 2015 to 4,809.35 hectares in 2022, representing a loss of 1,918.05 hectares, predominantly converted to built-up land. Agricultural land carrying capacity was calculated at 0.0125 (Class III), indicating that Padang City has not achieved food self-sufficiency. Rice availability was 1,026,762.57 tons, while rice demand reached 11,801,533.26 tons, resulting in a deficit of approximately 10.77 million tons.
Conclusions: Rice field conversion significantly reduces agricultural productivity and threatens food security. Padang City experiences a major rice deficit and has not achieved self-sufficiency. Urgent interventions including farmer regeneration, creation of new agricultural zones, and implementation of sustainable agricultural land protection policies are necessary to address population pressure and land conversion challenges.
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