Clinical and Antimicrobial Profile of Acinetobacter Species in Critical Care Setting- An Emerging Nosocomial Bug

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt2024.899

Keywords:

Acinetobacter species, Multidrug-resistant infections, Nosocomial infections, Antimicrobial resistance, Antibiotic sensitivity patterns

Abstract

Background: The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections, particularly within healthcare-associated settings, poses a global public health threat. Among these pathogens, Acinetobacter species, notably Acinetobacter baumannii, have gained recognition as opportunistic nosocomial pathogens with a concerning propensity for antimicrobial resistance. Understanding their clinical and antimicrobial profile is crucial for addressing the challenges posed by these infections.
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of Acinetobacter species in distinct clinical samples.
To analyze Acinetobacter species' clinical profiles and patterns of antibiotic sensitivity using a range of clinical samples.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Patients with confirmed Acinetobacter infections were included, and clinical samples were collected from the critical care unit. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical presentations, and outcomes were recorded. Laboratory processing included standard protocols for sample analysis, with confirmation through advanced methods such as PCR.
Results: Out of 82 participants, 48.78% showed positive cultures for Acinetobacter species. Prevalence varied by sample type, with urine samples exhibiting the highest positivity (50%). Clinical analysis of 40 infected patients revealed a mean age of 43.72 ± 17.34 years. Musculoskeletal symptoms (17.5%) and obstetric complications (17.5%) were prominent clinical presentations. Antibiotic sensitivity analysis demonstrated that 51% of isolates were multidrug-resistant, with high resistance to key antibiotics. Commonly resistant antibiotics included Cefepime, Piperacillin, Levofloxacin, Imipenem, Meropenem, and Amikacin.
Conclusion: This study adds to the growing understanding of Acinetobacter infections, emphasizing the need for awareness, infection control, and judicious antibiotic use. The multidisciplinary clinical presentations and high resistance rates underscore the complexity of managing Acinetobacter infections, requiring a holistic approach in healthcare settings. The findings inform strategies for infection prevention, surveillance, and therapeutic approaches in the global effort to combat antimicrobial resistance

References

1. Joly-Guillou M-L, Brun-Buisson C. Epidemiology of acinetobacter spp.: Surveillance and management of outbreaks. Acinetobacter. 2020;71–100. doi:10.1201/9781003069263-4

2. Awour SO. Monitoring the battlefield: Antimicrobial resistance, antibiofilm patterns and virulence factors ofacinetobacter baumanniiisolates from hospital system. 2022; doi:10.1101/2022.12.14.520451

3. Boral B, Unaldi Ö, Ergin A, Durmaz R, Eser ÖK. A prospective multicenter study on the evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units with clinical and environmental features. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 2019;18(1). doi:10.1186/s12941-019-0319-8

4. Aljamaan F, Altawil E, Temsah M-H, Almeman A. Multi-drug resistant gram-negative infections among critically ill patients: Analysis of baseline characteristics and factors associated with mortality. 2020; doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-129355/v1

5. Bennett B, Iredell J. Global health governance and antimicrobial resistance. Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health. 2020;389–99. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_24

6. A prevalence of infections with antibiotic-resistant acinetobacter baumannii in different clinical samples from hospitals in Erbil. ZANCO JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED SCIENCES. 2020;32(3). doi:10.21271/zjpas.32.3.11

7. Boral B, Unaldi Ö, Ergin A, Durmaz R, Eser ÖK. A prospective multicenter study on the evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections in intensive care units with clinical and environmental features. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 2019;18(1). doi:10.1186/s12941-019-0319-8

8. TÜNAY H, DEMİRDAL T, DEMİRTÜRK N. Risk factors for nosocomial pan drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infections. Acta Medica Alanya. 2019;3(3):254–60. doi:10.30565/medalanya.543371

9. Arunkumar C, Chinnapan R. A clinical study of risk factors and the management of surgical site infections in general surgical cases at Tertiary Care Center: A two-year observational study. Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2022;6(1):915–21. doi:10.32391/ajtes.v6i1.248

10. Maziz MNH, Hussaini J, Khan MFK. Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter species isolated from Selayang Hospital, Malaysia. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2012;16. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2012.05.589

Downloads

Published

2024-01-01

How to Cite

1.
Nilofar FS, Mariraj I, Palanisamy S, Nitesh BR. Clinical and Antimicrobial Profile of Acinetobacter Species in Critical Care Setting- An Emerging Nosocomial Bug. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología [Internet]. 2024 Jan. 1 [cited 2024 Dec. 10];4:.899. Available from: https://sct.ageditor.ar/index.php/sct/article/view/899