Bacteriological profile of diabetic foot infections and their antibiotic treatment of choice
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt2022215Keywords:
Antibiotics, Bacteria, Diabetic Foot, InfectionAbstract
Introduction: diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease in constant increase and with alarming projections in terms of incidence; likewise, the complications associated with this pathology are very frequent, such as the development of ulcers at foot level and their infection, which represent the main reasons for hospitalization and lower limb amputations.
Aim: to describe the bacteriological profile of diabetic foot infections and their antibiotic treatment of choice.
Methods: the study was non-experimental systematic review type following PRISMA methodology, in databases such as Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Lilacs and Dialnet, considering certain inclusion criteria as articles published between January 2017 - December 2022.
Results: a total of 9 articles were identified that met the eligibility criteria, identifying five most frequent bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, among others. On the other hand, antibiotic groups such as penicillins associated with beta-lactamase inhibitors, third generation cephalosporins, among others, are drugs with high antibiotic sensitivity for the most frequent agents of diabetic foot infections.
Conclusions: based on the review performed, it is possible to conclude that diabetic foot infections are generally polymicrobial, being the Gram-negative group bacteria the most predominant compared to the Gram-positive group; additionally, for the antibiotic treatment of diabetic foot infections, it should be considered to cover the most frequent infectious agents.
References
1. Goh TC, Bajuri MY, C. Nadarajah S, Abdul Rashid AH, Baharuddin S, Zamri KS. Clinical and bacteriological profile of diabetic foot infections in a tertiary care. J Foot Ankle Res. 2020;13:36. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-020-00406-y.
2. Burgess JL, Wyant WA, Abdo Abujamra B, Kirsner RS, Jozic I. Diabetic Wound-Healing Science. Med Kaunas Lith. 2021;57(10):1072. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57101072.
3. Li M. Guidelines and standards for comprehensive clinical diagnosis and interventional treatment for diabetic foot in China (Issue 7.0). J Interv Med. 2021;4(3):117-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jimed.2021.07.003.
4. Edmonds M, Manu C, Vas P. The current burden of diabetic foot disease. J Clin Orthop Trauma. 2021;17:88-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcot.2021.01.017.
5. Maurer SM, Hepp ZS, McCallin S, Waibel FWA, Romero FC, Zorman Y, et al. Short and oral antimicrobial therapy for diabetic foot infection: a narrative review of current knowledge. J Bone Jt Infect. 2022;7(2):61-70. https://doi.org/10.5194/jbji-7-61-2022.
6. Ramirez-Acuña JM, Cardenas-Cadena SA, Marquez-Salas PA, Garza-Veloz I, Perez-Favila A, Cid-Baez MA, et al. Diabetic Foot Ulcers: Current Advances in Antimicrobial Therapies and Emerging Treatments. Antibiotics. 2019;8(4):193. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8040193.
7. Macdonald KE, Boeckh S, Stacey HJ, Jones JD. The microbiology of diabetic foot infections: a meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21:770. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06516-7.
8. Pessoa E Costa T, Duarte B, João AL, Coelho M, Formiga A, Pinto M, et al. Multidrug-resistant bacteria in diabetic foot infections: Experience from a portuguese tertiary centre. Int Wound J. 2020;17(6):1835-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13473.
9. Wu M, Pan H, Leng W, Lei X, Chen L, Liang Z. Distribution of Microbes and Drug Susceptibility in Patients with Diabetic Foot Infections in Southwest China. J Diabetes Res. 2018;2018:9817308. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9817308.
10. Waibel F, Berli M, Catanzaro S, Sairanen K, Schöni M, Böni T, et al. Optimization of the antibiotic management of diabetic foot infections: protocol for two randomized controlled trials. Trials. 2020;21(1):54. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-4006-z.
11. Barbosa Marques AD, Sales da Silva LM, Magalhães Moreira TM, Martins Torres RA, Barbosa Marques AD, Sales da Silva LM, et al. Asociación entre hospitalización por diabetes mellitus y amputación de pie diabéticos. Enferm Glob. 2018;17(51):238-66. https://dx.doi.org/10.6018/eglobal.17.3.286181.
12. Kwon KT, Armstrong DG. Microbiology and Antimicrobial Therapy for Diabetic Foot Infections. Infect Chemother. 2018;50(1):11-20. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2018.50.1.11.
13. Uivaraseanu B, Bungau S, Tit DM, Fratila O, Rus M, Maghiar TA, et al. Clinical, Pathological and Microbiological Evaluation of Diabetic Foot Syndrome. Med Kaunas Lith. 2020;56(8):E380. https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fmedicina56080380.
14. Yan X, Song J fang, Zhang L, Li X. Analysis of risk factors for multidrug-resistant organisms in diabetic foot infection. BMC Endocr Disord. 2022;22:46. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-022-00957-0.
15. Palomo AT, Pires APM, Matielo MF, de Athayde Soares R, Pecego C, Sacilotto R, et al. Microbiology of Diabetic Foot Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. Antibiotics. 2022;11(8):1125. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11081125.
16. Macdonald KE, Jordan CY, Crichton E, Barnes JE, Harkin GE, Hall LML, et al. A retrospective analysis of the microbiology of diabetic foot infections at a Scottish tertiary hospital. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20:218. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-020-4923-1.
17. Saltoglu N, Ergonul O, Tulek N, Yemisen M, Kadanali A, Karagoz G, et al. Influence of multidrug resistant organisms on the outcome of diabetic foot infection. Int J Infect Dis. 2018;70:10-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2018.02.013.
18. Atlaw A, Kebede HB, Abdela AA, Woldeamanuel Y. Bacterial isolates from diabetic foot ulcers and their antimicrobial resistance profile from selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:987487. https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffendo.2022.987487.
19. Jaju K, Pichare A, Davane M, Nagoba B. Profile and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Pathogens Associated With Diabetic Foot Ulcers From a Rural Area. Wounds Compend Clin Res Pract. 2019;31(6):158-62.
20. Du F, Ma J, Gong H, Bista R, Zha P, Ren Y, et al. Microbial Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Diabetic Foot Ulcer in China: Literature Review. Front Endocrinol. 2022;13:881659. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2022.881659.
21. Parrales EGP, Mora EAS, Meza MAZ. Microorganismos de importancia epidemiológica en pacientes con pie diabético infectado en la localidad de Portoviejo. Dominio Las Cienc. 2019;5(Extra 2):123-42. https://doi.org/10.23857/dc.v5i2.1081.
22. Carro GV, Carlucci E, Priore G, Gette F, Llanos M de LA, Dicatarina Losada MV, et al. Infections in diabetic foot. Choice of empirical antibiotic regimen. Medicina (Mex). 2019;79(3):167-73.
23. Lipsky BA, Senneville É, Abbas ZG, Aragón-Sánchez J, Diggle M, Embil JM, et al. Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of foot infection in persons with diabetes (IWGDF 2019 update). Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews. 2020;36:e3280. https://doi.org/10.1002/dmrr.3280.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Paul Alexis Chuquitarco Marín , Luis Mario Chunchi Ayala , Kelly Paola Gómez Guapizaca , Carla María Taimal Sárez (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
