Development of Psychological Support Programs for Military Personnel Considering Combat Experience (Ukrainian Case)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt2024.542Keywords:
post-traumatic stress, psychotherapeutic interventions, reintegration of veterans, psychological rehabilitation, combat injuriesAbstract
Introduction: Russian aggression against Ukraine has revealed the need not only to counter direct military aggression, but also in the development of effective programs for psychological support of those soldiers who directly performed their duties on the contact line. The purpose of the article is to explore approaches to the development of psychological support programs for military personnel (on the example of Ukraine).
Methods: To realize this goal, the method of content analysis of professional scientific literature and the method of comparison were used, that allowed us to trace changes in the understanding of the ways of reintegrating veterans of into society and peaceful life.
Results: It was found that the inclusion of educational elements in psychological support programs will contribute to accelerate the recovery process and allow for the partial involvement of servicemen to their rehabilitation. The main components of psychological support programs psychological support programs include individual and group psychotherapy, psychotherapeutic interventions, reintegration programs, educational activities, and accessibility of assistance. The experience of Ukraine has shown that the use of collective support and active involvement of specialists in the development and testing of reintegration programs has a positive impact.
Conclusions: To further implement effective programs of psychological support and reintegration psychological support and reintegration programs, it is necessary to provide additional social guarantees to help servicemen find their place in civilian life after completing their service.
References
Mobbs MC, Bonanno GA. Beyond war and PTSD: The crucial role of transition stress in the lives of military veterans. Clinical Psychological Review. 2018;59:137-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.11.007
Crum-Cianflone NF, Frasco MA, Armenta RF, Phillips CJ, Horton J, Ryan MA, Russell DW, LeardMann C. Prescription Stimulants and PTSD Among U. S. Military Service Members. Journal fo Trauma and Stress. 2015;28(6):585-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.22052
Andrew Castro C, Dursun S. Military Veteran Reintegration. [place unknown]: Elsevier; 2019. Introduction to military-to-civilian life transition; p. 1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815312-3.00001-2
Bergman HE, Przeworski A, Feeny NC. Rates of Subthreshold PTSD Among U.S. Military Veterans and Service Members: A Literature Review. Military Psychology. 2017;29(2):117-27. https://doi.org/10.1037/mil0000154
Crone B, Arenson M, Cortell R, Carlin E. Comparing Trauma Treatment Outcomes Between Homeless and Housed Veterans in a VA PTSD Clinical Program. Community Mental Health Journal. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-022-01061-2
Järvis M. Leadership in the Era of Sustainable Development: Challenges and Opportunities for Modern Managers. LBSHerald. 2023;3(4):4-20. https://lbsherald.org/index.php/journal/article/view/50
Chiorcea I, Cioranu I. Emotional intelligence in military leadership. Romanian Military Thinking. 2021;2021(1):152-67. https://doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2021.1.10
Garcia Zea D, Sankar S, Isna N. The impact of emotional intelligence in the military workplace. Human Resource Development International. 2020:1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2019.1708157
Kharchenko А. Structural Features for Cognitive Representations of Traumatic Emotional Experience Among Demobilized Combatants in Ukraine with Post-Stress Psychological Disadaptation. Psychol Couns Psychother. 2019;(12). https://doi.org/10.26565/2410-1249-2019-12-07
Raines AM, Clauss K, Schafer KM, Shapiro MO, Houtsma C, Boffa JW, Ennis CR, O’Neil ME, Franklin CL. Cognitive Processing Therapy: A Meta-analytic Review Among Veterans and Military Personnel with PTSD. Cognitive Theraphy and Research. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-023-10429-x
Haagen JF, Smid GE, Knipscheer JW, Kleber RJ. The efficacy of recommended treatments for veterans with PTSD: A metaregression analysis. Clinical Psychological Review. 2015;40:184-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.008
Duel J, Godier-McBard L, MacLean MB, Fossey M. Military Veteran Reintegration. [place unknown]: Elsevier; 2019. Challenging missions: vulnerable veterans leaving the armed forces and promising avenues to support them; p. 95-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815312-3.00006-1
Turgoose D, Murphy D. A systematic review of interventions for supporting partners of military Veterans with PTSD. Journal of Military, Veteran and Family Health. 2019;5(2):195-208. https://doi.org/10.3138/jmvfh.2018-0035
Stephenson J. Longer PTSD Treatment Strongly Linked to Beneficial Response for Military Personnel and Veterans. JAMA Health Forum. 2022;3(2):e220193. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamahealthforum.2022.0193
Kugler J, Andresen FJ, Bean RC, Blais RK. Couple‐based interventions for PTSD among military veterans: An empirical review. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2019;75(10):1737-55. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22822
Norman SB, Haller M, Hamblen JL, Southwick SM, Pietrzak RH. The burden of co-occurring alcohol use disorder and PTSD in U.S. Military veterans: Comorbidities, functioning, and suicidality. Psychological Addictive Behavior. 2018;32(2):224-9. https://doi.org/10.1037/adb0000348
Boss L, Branson S, Hagan H, Krause-Parello C. A Systematic Review of Equine-Assisted Interventions in Military Veterans Diagnosed with PTSD. Journal of Veterans Studies. 2019;5(1):23. https://doi.org/10.21061/jvs.v5i1.134
DeSousa KM, Ward KL, Warner CH. Veteran and Military Mental Health. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2023. Medical and Community Resources for Veterans and Military Personnel; p. 115-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18009-5_7
Wall PH, Convoy SP, Braybrook CJ. Military Service–Related Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Finding a Way Home. Nursing Clinics of North America. 2019;54(4):503-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnur.2019.08.008
Klymenko I, Tverdokhlib N, Zlobin O, Karachynskyi O, Kononenko O. PTSD in military personnel: diagnosis, treatment and support. Revista Amazonia Investiga. 2024;13(74):286-98. https://doi.org/10.34069/ai/2024.74.02.24
Zhylin M, Makarenko S, Kolohryvova N, Bursa A, Tsekhmister Y. Risk Factors for Depressive Disorders after Coming through COVID-19 and Emotional Intelligence of the Individual. Journal of Intellectual Disability Diagnosis and Treatment. 2022;10(5):248-58. https://doi.org/10.6000/2292-2598.2022.10.05.6
Pickett T, Rothman D, Crawford EF, Brancu M, Fairbank JA, Kudler HS. Mental Health Among Military Personnel and Veterans. Northern Carolina Medical Journal. 2015;76(5):299-306. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.76.5.299
Ovsyannikova Y, Pokhilko D, Krasnokutskyi M, Kerdyvar V, Kreshchuk K. The Nature of Combat Stress Development During Military Operations and Psychotherapy in Extreme Situations. Journal of Nervous and Menthal Disease. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0000000000001768
MacEwan D, Gibson A. Emotional intelligence in military medical officers in the Defence Medical Services. BMJ Military Health. 2022:e002068. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjmilitary-2021-002068
Pedlar D, Thompson JM, Andrew Castro C. Military Veteran Reintegration. [place unknown]: Elsevier; 2019. Military-to-civilian transition theories and frameworks; p. 21-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-815312-3.00003-6
Dzhahupov H, Bigun V, Predmestnikov O, Kovalenko Y. Legal Regulation in the Field of Arms Control: A Forecast of Future Challenges. Futurity of Economics and Law. 2023;3(3):190-201. https://www.futurity-econlaw.com/index.php/FEL/article/view/152
Singh NS, Bogdanov S, Doty B, Haroz E, Girnyk A, Chernobrovkina V, Murray LK, Bass JK, Bolton PA. Experiences of mental health and functioning among conflict-affected populations: A qualitative study with military veterans and displaced persons in Ukraine. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 2021;91(4):499-513. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000537
Klymenko I, Tverdokhlib N, Zlobin O, Karachynskyi O, Kononenko O. PTSD in military personnel: diagnosis, treatment and support. Revista Amazonia Investiga. 2024;13(74):286-98. https://doi.org/10.34069/ai/2024.74.02.24
Wallace D, Lane J, Heffernan K, Nas Jones C. Australian military and veterans’ mental health care: improving assessment of military personnel and veterans. Australas Psychiatry. 2020:103985622094304. https://doi.org/10.1177/1039856220943043
Karamyshev DV, Zhdan VM, Dvornyk VM, Hordiienko LP, Kundii ZP. Institutional principles of civil-military cooperation regarding medical support of the armed forces of Ukraine. Bulletin of Problems of Biology and Medicine. 2022;1(4):66. https://doi.org/10.29254/2077-4214-2022-4-167-66-75
Savchuk A, Borysiuk I, Mahanova T, Ihnatova T. Artificial intelligence in the pharmaceutical industry of Ukraine: prospects for future development. Futurity Medicine. 2023;2(2):18-25. https://futurity-medicine.com/index.php/fm/article/view/29
Ohlsson A, Nilsson S, Larsson G. Social and Psychological Support for Military Personnel and Their Families in Connection with Military Deployment: A Scoping Review and Thematic Analysis. Journal of Veterans Studies. 2024;10(1):160-72. https://doi.org/10.21061/jvs.v10i1.533
Rysbayeva ZI, Tormanova AN. The Philosophy of Medicine: On the Ethical Discussion about the Life and the Death. Futurity Phlosophy. 2023;2(4):61-74. https://futurity-philosophy.com/index.php/FPH/article/view/104
Bakhmat N, Krasnoshchok I, Voron O. International Experience of Using E-Learning during Pandemics and Military Conflicts. ELearning Innovations Journal. 2023;1(2):68-85. https://www.el-journal.org/index.php/journal/article/view/7
Palii V, Velykodna M, Pereira M, McElvaney R, Bernard S, Klymchuk V, Burlachuk O, Lupis AA, Diatel N, Ireland JL, McNeill K, Scarlet JL, Jaramillo-Sierra AL, Khoury B, Sánchez Munar DR, Hedlund SL, Flanagan T, LeBlanc J, Agudelo Velez DM, Gómez-Maquet Y. The experience of launching a psychological hotline across 21 countries to support Ukrainians in wartime. Menthal Health and Social Inclusive. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1108/mhsi-04-2023-0040
Russell MC, Figley CR. Do the Military’s Frontline Psychiatry/Combat Operational Stress Control Programs Benefit Veterans? Part Two: Systematic Review of the Evidence. Psychological Injury Law. 2017;10(1):24-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12207-016-9279-x
Collins T, Tam D. Hidden Challenges Experienced by Families With Military-Related Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1177/10443894231160621
Britt TW, Black KJ, Cheung JH, Pury CL, Zinzow HM. Unit training to increase support for military personnel with mental health problems. Work and Stress. 2018;32(3):281-96. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2018.1445671
Kryvoshein V. Transformation of Political Perceptions in the Age of Information Technologies: Analyzing the Impact on Political Beliefs. Futurity of Social Sciences. 2023;1(3):20-32. https://futurity-social.com/index.php/journal/article/view/9
Thandi G, Greenberg N, Fear NT, Jones N. Perceived effect of deployment on families of UK military personnel. Occupational Medicine. 2017;67(7):562-8. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx132
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Nataliia Makarchuk, Serhii Tamarin, Natalia Miloradova, Viktoriia Dotsenko, Serhii Lobanov (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
