Role of oxidative stress and therapeutic options in SARS-COV-2 infection

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt2023239

Keywords:

Glutathione, Treatment, Antioxidant Therapies, N-Acetylcysteine

Abstract

Introduction: elevated levels of oxidative stress in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection generate tissue damage, causing organ dysfunction and generating a suitable environment for viral replication.

Aim: to describe the mechanisms by which oxidative stress is generated in patients with Sars-Cov-2 and its therapeutic options.

Methodology: a non-experimental and narrative study of bibliographic review type was carried out, data will be collected from original articles in indexed journals using the PubMed database.

Results: patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection present elevated levels of oxidative stress, on the contrary, the levels of antioxidant agents are depleted, increasing the degree of oxidative stress to a greater extent. The use of N-acetylcysteine in a COVID-19 positive patient is a subject under discussion since, although there are inconsistencies in its degree of efficacy, no adverse effects of any kind have been observed.

Conclusions: there are antioxidant therapeutic options under study, however, despite having a high safety profile, their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19 is still unproven

References

1. Schönrich G, Raftery MJ, Samstag Y. Devilishly radical NETwork in COVID-19: Oxidative stress, neutrophil extracellular traps, and T cell suppression. Adv Biol Regul 2020;77:100741. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100741

2. Suhail S, Zajac J, Fossum C, Lowater H, McCracken C, Severson N, Laatsch B, Narkiewicz-Jodko A, Johnson B, Liebau J, Bhattacharyya S, Hati S. Role of Oxidative Stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Infection: A Review. Protein J 2020 Dec;39(6):644-656. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-020-09935-8

3. Zendelovska D, Atanasovska E, Petrushevska M, Spasovska K, Stevanovikj M, Demiri I, Labachevski N. Evaluation of oxidative stress markers in hospitalized patients with moderate and severe COVID-19. Rom J Intern Med 2021 Nov 20;59(4):375-383. http://doi.org/10.2478/rjim-2021-0014

4. Khomich OA, Kochetkov SN, Bartosch B, Ivanov AV. Redox Biology of Respiratory Viral Infections. Viruses 2018 Jul 26;10(8):392. http://doi.org/10.3390/v10080392

5. Standl F, Jöckel KH, Brune B, Schmidt B, Stang A. Comparing SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and influenza pandemics. Lancet Infect Dis 2021 Apr;21(4):e77. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30648-4

6. Martínez I, García-Carpizo V, Guijarro T, García-Gomez A, Navarro D, Aranda A, Zambrano A. Induction of DNA double-strand breaks and cellular senescence by human respiratory syncytial virus. Virulence 2016 May 18;7(4):427-42 http://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2016.1144001

7. Chernyak BV, Popova EN, Prikhodko AS, Grebenchikov OA, Zinovkina LA, Zinovkin RA. COVID-19 and Oxidative Stress. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2020 Dec;85(12):1543-1553. http://doi.org/10.1134/S0006297920120068

8. To EE, Broughton BR, Hendricks KS, Vlahos R, Selemidis S. Influenza A virus and TLR7 activation potentiate NOX2 oxidase-dependent ROS production in macrophages. Free Radic Res 2014 Aug;48(8):940-7. http://doi.org/10.3109/10715762.2014.927579

9. Ye S, Lowther S, Stambas J. Inhibition of reactive oxygen species production ameliorates inflammation induced by influenza A viruses via upregulation of SOCS1 and SOCS3. J Virol 2015 Mar;89(5):2672-83. http://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.03529-14

10. Alwazeer D, Liu FF, Wu XY, LeBaron TW. Combating Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in COVID-19 by Molecular Hydrogen Therapy: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021 Oct 4;2021:5513868. http://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5513868

11. Violi F, Oliva A, Cangemi R, Ceccarelli G, Pignatelli P, Carnevale R. Nox2 activation in Covid-19. Redox Biol 2020 Sep;36:101655. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2020.101655

12. Martín-Fernández M, Aller R, Heredia-Rodríguez M, Gómez-Sánchez E, Martínez-Paz P, Gonzalo-Benito H. Lipid peroxidation as a hallmark of severity in COVID-19 patients. Redox Biol. 2021 Nov 6;48:102181 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.102181

13. Mete AÖ, Koçak K, Saracaloglu A, Demiryürek S, Altınbaş Ö, Demiryürek AT. Effects of antiviral drug therapy on dynamic thiol/disulphide homeostasis and nitric oxide levels in COVID-19 patients. Eur J Pharmacol 2021 Sep 15;907:174306. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174306

14. Kumar P, Osahon O, Vides DB, Hanania N, Minard CG, Sekhar RV. Severe Glutathione Deficiency, Oxidative Stress and Oxidant Damage in Adults Hospitalized with COVID-19: Implications for GlyNAC (Glycine and N-Acetylcysteine) Supplementation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Dec 27;11:50. http://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11010050

15. Atanasovska E, Petrusevska M, Zendelovska D, Spasovska K, Stevanovikj M, Kasapinova K. Vitamin D levels and oxidative stress markers in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Redox Rep 2021 Dec;26(1):184-189. http://doi.org/10.1080/13510002.2021.1999126

16. Izquierdo JL, Soriano JB, González Y, Lumbreras S, Ancochea J, Echeverry C. Use of N-Acetylcysteine at high doses as an oral treatment for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Sci Prog 2022 Jan-Mar;105(1):368504221074574. http://doi.org/10.1177/00368504221074574

17. Ibrahim H, Perl A, Smith D, Lewis T, Kon Z, Goldenberg R. Therapeutic blockade of inflammation in severe COVID-19 infection with intravenous N-acetylcysteine. Clin Immunol 2020 Oct;219:108544. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108544

18. de Alencar JCG, Moreira CL, Müller AD, Chaves CE, Fukuhara MA, da Silva EA. Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial With N-acetylcysteine for Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Clin Infect Dis 2021 Jun 1;72(11):e736-e741. http://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaa1443

19. Taher A, Lashgari M, Sedighi L, Rahimi-Bashar F, Poorolajal J, Mehrpooya M. A pilot study on intravenous N-Acetylcysteine treatment in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pharmacol Rep 2021 Dec;73(6):1650-1659. http://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-021-00296-2

20. Chen B, Raja K, Pierre-Louis F, Patel M, Patel R, Kang S. Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine in Management of COVID-19: A Case Series. J Pharm Pract 2022 Mar 24:8971900221080283. doi: http://doi.org/10.1177/08971900221080283

Downloads

Published

2023-01-01

How to Cite

1.
Quilambaqui Brito IR, Muñoz Palomeque DG. Role of oxidative stress and therapeutic options in SARS-COV-2 infection. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología [Internet]. 2023 Jan. 1 [cited 2025 Mar. 10];3:239. Available from: https://sct.ageditor.ar/index.php/sct/article/view/476