Income Paradox and Socioeconomic Determinants of Household Dietary Diversity in Rural Developing Contexts
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20262604Keywords:
Dietary Diversity, Income Paradox, Socioeconomic Determinants, Rural Households, Food SecurityAbstract
Dietary diversity is a crucial indicator of nutritional adequacy and food security, especially in rural developing areas where access to varied foods remains limited. This study aimed to measure household dietary diversity and identify the socioeconomic and behavioral determinants that influence the Food Consumption Pattern Score (Pola Pangan Harapan/PPH) in Nagari Tandikek Utara, Padang Pariaman Regency, Indonesia. A cross-sectional quantitative design was employed, involving 150 households selected through proportional random sampling, with data collected using structured questionnaires, interviews, and field observations. Dietary diversity was assessed across nine food groups using the PPH method, while multiple linear regression analysis (SPSS 23) examined the effects of income, family size, eating habits, mother’s education, head of household’s education, and mother’s age. Results showed that the average PPH score was 51.69%, indicating low dietary diversity, with consumption predominantly centered on cereals (18.26%) and insufficient intake of legumes, animal-source foods, vegetables, and fruits. Regression findings confirmed an income paradox, as income had a significant negative effect (B = −9.398; p = 0.000), while family size (B = −2.294; p = 0.000) and mother’s education (B = −1.077; p = 0.000) also reduced dietary diversity; conversely, the household head’s education improved it (B = 1.070; p = 0.000). These findings indicate that dietary diversity is shaped by intersecting socioeconomic and demographic factors, highlighting the need for integrated strategies—combining nutrition education, gender-responsive approaches, and improved food access—to support progress toward achieving Zero Hunger (SDG 2) in rural communities.
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