Podcast-based green chemistry learning strengthens student awareness with distinct outcomes across gender and digital literacy dimensions

Abstract

Contemporary education increasingly demands innovations that integrate sustainability awareness into scientific learning. Green Chemistry offers such an approach by connecting chemical principles with environmental responsibility. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of podcast-based, culturally responsive Green Chemistry instruction in enhancing students’ environmental and cultural awareness, as well as their learning outcomes, while considering gender, digital literacy, and school context. A quasi-experimental mixed-methods non-equivalent control group design was conducted in two East Java high schools (public School X and private School Y) from August to September 2025, involving 120 grade-11 students (60 per school; 40 female, 20 male). The intervention combined podcast-based learning with Culturally Responsive Teaching Theory (CRTT). Data were collected through pre–post tests (normalized gain g), validated questionnaires (CVI = 0.94; Cronbach’s α = 0.87), classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA, while qualitative data were thematically coded and triangulated. Results indicated medium normalized gains overall (female g = 0.640; male g = 0.523), with female students consistently outperforming males. Students with higher digital literacy and culturally supportive environments showed deeper reflection and sustained engagement. Thematic analysis revealed that family engagement, community influence, technology use, and ethical or religious values shaped awareness development. In conclusion, podcast-based Green Chemistry learning effectively enhances both cognitive and affective learning dimensions, with gender and digital literacy emerging as significant moderating factors. These findings suggest the importance of integrating gender-responsive pedagogy and digital literacy reinforcement to optimize sustainability-oriented learning through digital media.