From Disease Burden to Age-Friendly Cities: Developing Indicators for Healthy Aging in Makassar, Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20262462Keywords:
Elderly Population, Non-Infectious, Age-friendly environments, GIS, MakassarAbstract
Introduction: the elderly population in Indonesia, including Makassar, faces an increasing burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, gout, and related comorbidities are common among older adults due to physiological changes. However, the distribution patterns of these diseases among older adults remain underexplored.
Objective: to describe the distribution patterns of non-communicable diseases and identify dimensions and indicators of age-friendly environments in Makassar.
Methods: A mixed-methods design was used with spatial patterns of NCDs were analyzed using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) based on 2024 secondary data from the Makassar Health Department. A qualitative exploratory study was also conducted through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with older adults, health workers, and community leaders. Qualitative data were analyzed using NVivo Pro 12 software.
Results: spatial analysis showed uneven distribution, with higher concentrations of hypertension, diabetes, and gout in densely populated areas with limited access to health-supportive environments. The study identified 29 indicators across nine dimensions: community support, housing, communication and information, financial condition, transportation, government and stakeholder roles, respect and social inclusion, open spaces and buildings, and social participation.
Conclusion: developing age-friendly environments and implementing targeted health interventions are essential to strengthen collaboration and improve the quality of life and well-being of older adults.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Sukri Palutturi , Indra Ibnu Fajarwati , St. Rosmanelly , Mutia Nur Rahmah , Eun Woo Nam (Author)
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