Prevalence of anxiety and depression in the university population: Quantitative analysis of associated factors and psychosocial consequences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20262366Keywords:
Anxiety, depression, university students, risk factors, academic performanceAbstract
Introduction: Anxiety and depression are common mental health disorders among university students worldwide, with negative effects on their academic performance, social functioning, and overall well-being.
Objectives: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and social impact of anxiety and depression in university students.
Methodology: A systematic review and meta-analysis of quantitative studies published between 2019 and 2025 was conducted. The search was conducted in PubMed, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science. Forty-eight studies that met the methodological criteria were selected. Random effects models were applied to estimate prevalences, odds ratios (OR) were calculated for risk factors, and heterogeneity was analysed using the I² statistic.
Results: The overall prevalence of anxiety was 32.1% (95% CI: 29.8–34.4) and that of depression was 28.9% (95% CI: 26.7–31.1), with high heterogeneity (I² > 80%). Women had higher rates than men. The most relevant risk factors were traumatic experiences (OR: 3.12), high academic stress (OR: 2.56), and a family history of mental disorders (OR: 2.34). There was an average reduction of 15% in academic performance and a deterioration in quality of life, especially in psychological well-being and social relationships.
Conclusions: The prevalence of anxiety and depression among university students is high and constitutes a public health problem. Prevention programmes, early care and institutional policies are needed to address risk factors and promote psychosocial support.
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