Rethinking Mediation and Arbitration in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20252316Keywords:
Digital transformation, conflict resolution, impartiality, ethical regulationAbstract
Introduction: artificial intelligence (AI) has begun to transform mediation and arbitration, two fundamental mechanisms of alternative dispute resolution (ADR). Its integration has raised growing academic interest, given its potential to increase procedural efficiency while challenging traditional notions of impartiality, confidentiality, and ethical judgment.
Objective: this study aimed to systematically analyze the integration of AI into mediation and arbitration processes, identifying its technological applications, ethical-legal implications, and practical impacts on ADR mechanisms.
Method: a systematic literature review was conducted of peer-reviewed articles published between 2010 and 2025, using the Scopus and Web of Science databases. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 410 records were screened, and 30 studies were selected for full-text qualitative synthesis. Data extraction included publication type, AI application, benefits, and reported challenges.
Results: quantitative screening indicated that most studies originated from the United States, Europe, and Asia, with limited representation from Latin America. The qualitative synthesis revealed that AI improved ADR efficiency by automating administrative tasks, facilitating document analysis, and generating preliminary agreements. However, persistent challenges included algorithmic bias, data confidentiality, and the absence of clear regulatory frameworks ensuring transparency and fairness. Despite technological advances, human oversight remained indispensable in cases requiring ethical reasoning and empathy.
Conclusions: AI enhanced the accessibility and operational performance of ADR but required robust ethical and legal frameworks to ensure just and accountable outcomes. The study emphasized the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and harmonized global standards to guide responsible AI adoption in dispute resolution systems.
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