ELECTHINK (Election Education and Critical Thinking) for Strengthening Civic Engagement among Generation Z

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20252285

Keywords:

Civic engagement, Generation Z, Political literacy, Critical thinking

Abstract

Introduction: This research addressed the declining civic engagement among Generation Z, particularly their limited political literacy and critical thinking skills in electoral processes. Theoretical frameworks of civic education and empirical data showing low youth voter turnout rates highlighted the urgent need for innovative educational interventions to strengthen democratic participation among digital natives. Objective : This research aims to produce learning media for civic education that promotes citizen engagement as a key driver of its development. With this product, the research aims to create an ideal alternative intervention to strengthen political engagement.  Method: The study employed a research and development approach, utilizing mixed-methods design to develop and evaluate an educational application. This methodology integrates factual measurements which are then analyzed according to an experimental test approach to create product-based solutions to increase community engagement. Result: The research produced three key outcomes. First, the needs analysis revealed significant gaps in Generation Z's political literacy levels, with particular deficiencies in understanding electoral systems and critical evaluation of political information. Second, the application design incorporated gamification elements, interactive learning modules, and real-time fact-checking features tailored to Generation Z's digital preferences and learning patterns. Third, effectiveness testing demonstrated statistically significant improvements in participants' political knowledge, critical thinking abilities, and civic engagement intentions following application usage. Conclusion: The ELECTHINK application proved effective in enhancing Generation Z's civic engagement through targeted educational interventions. The research contributed to civic education literature by demonstrating how technology-mediated learning can address contemporary challenges in political literacy and democratic participation among young citizens.

References

1. Alscher P. Civic Education , Teaching Quality and Students ’ Willingness to Participate in Political and Civic Life : Political Interest and Knowledge as Mediators. 2022;1886–900.

2. Barus J, Husaini null, Ja’far J, Noor UM. ISLAMIC HIGHER EDUCATION IN POST-CONFLICT ACEH: Generation Z Students, Religious Knowledge and Professional Interests. Miqot J Ilmu-ilmu Keislam [Internet]. 2024;48(1):126–45. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85212926264&doi=10.30821%2Fmiqot.v48i1.836&partnerID=40&md5=2167723a7838a0d0da1df4ffd5769a41

3. Ahearn CE, Brand JE, Zhou X. How , and For Whom , Does Higher Education Increase Voting ? Res High Educ [Internet]. 2023;64(4):574–97. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-022-09717-4

4. Public Religion Research Institute. A POLITICAL AND CULTURAL GLIMPSE INTO AMERICA ’ S FUTURE. 2024;

5. Battocchio AF, Wells C, Vraga E, Thorson K, Edgerly S, Bode L. Gen Z’s civic engagement: news use, politics, and cultural engagement. In 2023. p. 168.

6. Schmitt JB, Baake J, Kero S. What means civic education in a digitalized world ? 2024;(March).

7. Chand SP. Challenges in implementing constructivist approaches: exploring teachers’ experiences in Fijian primary school classrooms. Aust Educ Res [Internet]. 2025; Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105009475310&doi=10.1007%2Fs13384-025-00870-0&partnerID=40&md5=bce03cf4a795c97ef2092bc8d39ed26c

8. Jung J, Gopalan M. The Stubborn Unresponsiveness of Youth Voter Turnout to Civic Education: Quasi-experimental Evidence from State-Mandated Civics Tests. Educ Eval Policy Anal. 2024 Dec;46(4):764–87.

9. Zheng Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Wu X, Ding R, Luo X, et al. Effects of digital game-based learning on students’ digital etiquette literacy, learning motivations, and engagement. Heliyon. 2024 Jan;10(1):e23490.

10. Li M, Ma S, Shi Y. Examining the effectiveness of gamification as a tool promoting teaching and learning in educational settings: a meta-analysis. Front Psychol. 2023 Oct 9;14.

11. Stoddard J, Brohinsky J, Behnke D, Shaffer D, Marquart C, Chen J. Designing Epistemic Games for Informed Civic Learning Epistemic games for informed civic learning. 2022;379–82.

12. Bennion E, Michelson M. Educating Students for Democracy: What Colleges Are Doing, How It’s Working, and What Needs to Happen Next. Ann Am Acad Pol Soc Sci. 2023 Nov 4;705:95–115.

13. Alkhaldi A, Malik S, Alhaimer R, Alshaheen A, Lytras MD. Translating a value-based framework for resilient e-learning impact in post COVID-19 times: Research-based Evidence from Higher Education in Kuwait. Heliyon. 2024 Jan;10(2):e24271.

14. Lan G-X, Chen X, Shen Z-M, Ye F, He Y. Research on exploratory analysis method and tools for Weapon Systems of Systems. Xitong Fangzhen Xuebao / J Syst Simul [Internet]. 2010;22(11):2567–70. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-78649489758&partnerID=40&md5=c0dd669f9722a466aa696ac18d9de661

15. Bhushan N, Mohnert F, Sloot D, Jans L, Albers C, Steg L. Using a Gaussian graphical model to explore relationships between items and variables in environmental psychology research. Front Psychol [Internet]. 2019;10(MAY). Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85068368419&doi=10.3389%2Ffpsyg.2019.01050&partnerID=40&md5=33b3b2ab05f04658476a0636bf293417

16. Harinakshi, Lydia AA, Poongundran M, Masarath, Karthick. EDA and its Impact in Dataset Discover Patterns in the Service Sector. In: 4th International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications, ICIRCA 2022 - Proceedings [Internet]. 2022. p. 940–5. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85146488764&doi=10.1109%2FICIRCA54612.2022.9985599&partnerID=40&md5=af049f0890d1dfbffb6ed50f63f7e36b

17. Pitroda H. A Proposal of an Interactive Web Application Tool QuickViz: To Automate Exploratory Data Analysis. In: 2022 IEEE 7th International conference for Convergence in Technology, I2CT 2022 [Internet]. 2022. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85135635787&doi=10.1109%2FI2CT54291.2022.9824068&partnerID=40&md5=6785154ef252f394c130e2593acd64e9

18. Yoshimura M. Framework and methodologies for maximising achievements of product designs by collaborative works. J Eng Des [Internet]. 2012;23(9):674–95. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84865266423&doi=10.1080%2F09544828.2011.651715&partnerID=40&md5=fcf4f98eeff96c569aa02f809b9fdac4

19. Fähling J, Leimeister JM, Krcmar H. Collaboration engineering for innovation design processes using the outcome-driven approach. In: Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences [Internet]. 2011. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79952905339&doi=10.1109%2FHICSS.2011.109&partnerID=40&md5=7a767fc63af485643a17eac81ff3cc6d

20. Hake RR. ANALYZING CHANGE/GAIN SCORES. Am Educ Res Assoc Div D. 1999;1(1):16–22.

21. Gaby S. The Civic Engagement Gap(s): Youth Participation and Inequality From 1976 to 2009. Youth Soc [Internet]. 2017;49(7):923–46. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85028678029&doi=10.1177%2F0044118X16678155&partnerID=40&md5=b0e7d3f1043870c41c9cf032ab00460f

22. Tolbert CJ, Mcneal RS, Smith DA. Enhancing Civic Engagement: The Effect of Direct Democracy on Political Participation and Knowledge. State Polit Policy Q [Internet]. 2007;3(1):23–41. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-3142732440&doi=10.1177%2F153244000300300102&partnerID=40&md5=54370878a57ccdb5674473ead3e1adfe

23. Duche-Pérez AB, Vera-Revilla CY, Gutiérrez-Aguilar OA, Montesinos-Chávez MC, Valdivia-Loaiza AH, Flores-Vilca I V. Digital Culture, Youth, and Citizenship: A Systematic Review. In: Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies [Internet]. 2024. p. 549–58. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85187801924&doi=10.1007%2F978-981-99-7210-4_51&partnerID=40&md5=80b0c9f804d4c39ccda98fffbe6a8a3b

24. Jameson-Charles M, Charles HW. Youth Mobilising Youth to Vote: An Examination of a Youth- Led Voter Education Initiative in Guyana. In: Youth Participation in the Caribbean: Politics and Development [Internet]. 2022. p. 144–66. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85140674711&doi=10.4324%2F9781003203889-10&partnerID=40&md5=6f72f554279f552b1266ad05d1b0c814

25. Romero-Vidal X, Talukder D. From Boomers to Zoomers: generational shifts in drivers of satisfaction with democracy in Western Europe. Democratization [Internet]. 2025; Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-105000813736&doi=10.1080%2F13510347.2025.2476180&partnerID=40&md5=a66c52faeb9cbdfcce8a7b9c5a8f95c9

26. Klock ACT, Ogawa AN, Gasparini I, Pimenta MS. Does gamification matter?: A systematic mapping about the evaluation of gamification in educational environments. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing [Internet]. 2018. p. 2006–12. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85050535943&doi=10.1145%2F3167132.3167347&partnerID=40&md5=ac5096fe3f555682ebbbd96c216ac998

27. Efthymiou G, Antoniadis I, Fragulis GF. The Attitudes of Secondary School Teachers Towards the Application of Gamification in Greek Education. In: AIP Conference Proceedings [Internet]. 2024. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85207204499&doi=10.1063%2F5.0238260&partnerID=40&md5=aee213098625e749a600c55bf6dd7095

28. Pallathadka H, Pallathadka LK. Critical Study of Possibilities of Gamification in Higher Education: Challenges, Opportunities, and Solutions. In: AIP Conference Proceedings [Internet]. 2023. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85179794310&doi=10.1063%2F5.0150540&partnerID=40&md5=faed99b385222ebee1815b88dfb32484

29. Savithri M, Philip S, Sharma T, Singh NK. Effectiveness of gamification in facilitating microlearning for gen Z. In: Global Perspectives on Micro-Learning and Micro-Credentials in Higher Education [Internet]. 2024. p. 137–58. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85189061226&doi=10.4018%2F979-8-3693-0343-6.ch009&partnerID=40&md5=e74e9ab5b5d9e0cbec713eb2be944d8a

30. Lottering N, Lim I, Gough S. Re-imagining health and medicine education: Implementing a mobile-based gamification app for improved affective learner engagement. In: Supporting Self-Regulated Learning and Student Success in Online Courses [Internet]. 2023. p. 180–208. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85159092954&doi=10.4018%2F978-1-6684-6500-4.ch009&partnerID=40&md5=fdd76e97d57fb7118ba3121eeb760b14

31. Chong MM, Subramanian P, Ting M, Ying LJ. An Investigation into the Perception of Gen Z Students in Higher Education towards Gamification Techniques in Learning Computing Subjects. In: 2024 International Visualization, Informatics and Technology Conference, IVIT 2024 [Internet]. 2024. p. 165–70. Available from: https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85207065887&doi=10.1109%2FIVIT62102.2024.10692814&partnerID=40&md5=ceb62e31fd3239e43bba94e33c07eab5

Downloads

Published

2025-10-10

How to Cite

1.
Anggraeni L, Wahyuni Tanshzil S, Tantra Paramitha S, Febriana Putra T, Azis A, Firdaus P, et al. ELECTHINK (Election Education and Critical Thinking) for Strengthening Civic Engagement among Generation Z. Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología [Internet]. 2025 Oct. 10 [cited 2025 Oct. 21];5:2285. Available from: https://sct.ageditor.ar/index.php/sct/article/view/2285