Spirituality, Emotional Intelligence, and Knowledge about Drugs Associated with Cognitive-Behavioral Change in Men with Problematic Substance Use
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20252196Keywords:
Emotional intelligence, Spirituality, Cognitive, DrugsAbstract
Introduction: addiction treatment has progressed toward more comprehensive approaches. Cognitive-behavioral change strategies have proven effective in addressing problems related to drug use, but the role of factors such as spirituality, emotional intelligence, and drug knowledge still require greater understanding.
Objective: to analyze the relationship between spirituality, emotional intelligence, knowledge about drug use, and cognitive-behavioral change processes in men undergoing treatment for problematic substance use.
Methods: an observational, correlational study was conducted of northern Mexico with 88 men in residential treatment for problematic substance use. Sociodemographic variables, spirituality, emotional intelligence, substance knowledge, and severity of use were analyzed. Descriptive and correlational analyzes using Spearman's coefficient were used.
Results: spirituality (r = ,210, p < ,05), emotional intelligence (r = ,363, p < ,01), and drug knowledge (r = ,320, p < ,01) were positively and significantly correlated with change processes. Globall scores on alcohol (r = -,268, p < ,05) and illicit drug use (r = -,264, p < ,05) showed negative and significant correlations with change processes.
Conclusions: the findings support the implementation of integrated interventions that consider these factors in the treatment of addictions.
References
1. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Global status report on alcohol and health 2023. World Health Organization; 2023. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240074323
2. Compton WM, Han B, Jones CM, Blanco C, Hughes A. Marijuana use and use disorders in adults in the USA, 2002-14: analysis of annual cross-sectional surveys. Lancet Psychiatry. 2016;3(10):954–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(16)30208-5
3. Volkow ND, Blanco C. Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention. World Psychiatry. 2023;22(2):203-29. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.21073
4. Comisión Nacional de Salud Mental y Adicciones [CONASAMA]. Informe sobre la situación de la salud mental y el consumo de sustancias en México 2024. https://bit.ly/4n0i4Jf
5. Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1983;51(3):390-5. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.51.3.390
6. Prochaska JO, Velicer WF. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. Am J Health Promot. 1997;12(1):38-48. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-12.1.38
7. De Vocht F, Brown J, Beard E, West R, Michie S, Campbell R, Hickman M. Motivation to reduce alcohol consumption and subsequent attempts at reduction and changes in consumption in increasing and higher-risk drinkers in England: a prospective population survey. Addiction. 2018;113(5):817-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.14132
8. Magill M, Ray L, Kiluk B, Hoadley A, Bernstein M, Tonigan JS, Carroll K. A meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for alcohol or other drug use disorders: Treatment efficacy by contrast condition. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2019;87(12):1093-1105. https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000447
9. Charzynska E. The effect of baseline patterns of spiritual coping, forgiveness, and gratitude on the completion of an alcohol addiction treatment program. J Relig Health. 2021;60(3):1796-1817. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01188-8
10. Brown AM, McDaniel JM, Austin KL, Ashford RD. Developing the Spirituality in Recovery Framework: The Function of Spirituality in 12-Step Substance Use Disorder Recovery. J Humist Psychol. 2019;64(3):489-503. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167819871742
11. Kelly JF, Eddie D. The role of spirituality and religiousness in aiding recovery from alcohol and other drug problems: an investigation in a national U.S. sample. Psychol Relig Spirit. 2020;12(1):116–23. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000295
12. Kelly JF, Bergman B, Hoeppner BB, Vilsaint C, White WL. Prevalence and pathways of recovery from drug and alcohol problems in the United States population: Implications for practice, research, and policy. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2017;181:162–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.09.028
13. Frings D, Albery IP, Kim A. When ingroup identities “clash”: The influence of beliefs about incompatibilities between being a Christian and a drinker affect motivation to change drinking behaviour. J Community Appl Soc Psychol. 2024;34(1):e2670. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2670
14. Henning C, Crane AG, Taylor RN, Parker JD. Emotional intelligence: relevance and implications for addiction. Curr Addict Rep. 2021;8(1):28-34. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-021-00356-w
15. Kun B, Demetrovics Z. Emotional intelligence and addictions: a systematic review. Substance Use Misuse. 2010;45(7-8):1131–60. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826080903567855
16. Smokova L, Zhylin M, Mendelo V, Kyrylishyna M, Danilova O. Socio-Psychological Factors in the Development of Emotional Intelligence of Drug Addicts. Int J Stat Med Res. 2023;12:33–42. https://doi.org/10.6000/1929-6029.2023.12.05
17. Mokhtarpoor H, Tehranineshat B, Naderi Z, Amirinia M. Explaining the causes and motivations for multiple substance use from the perspectives of users and therapists: A qualitative study. Heliyon. 2024;10(23):e40620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40620
18. Krentzman AR, Cranford JA, Robinson EA. Multiple dimensions of spirituality in recovery: a lagged mediational analysis of Alcoholics Anonymous' principal theoretical mechanism of behavior change. Subst Abus. 2013;34(1):20–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2012.691449
19. Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, editores. Abuso de narcóticos. En: Harrison. Manual de medicina. 20ª ed. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2020. https://accessmedicina.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2943§ionid=252890131
20. Cornish JL, Prasad AA. Sex differences in substance use disorders: a neurobiological perspective. Front Glob Womens Health. 2021;2:778514. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2021.778514
21. Polit DF, Tatano BC. Investigación en enfermería: fundamentos para el uso de la evidencia en la práctica de la enfermería. 9a ed. España: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2018. https://bit.ly/41enk2v
22. Parsian N, Dunning T. Developing and validating a questionnaire to measure spirituality: A psychometric process. Glob J Health Sci. 2009;1(1):2-11. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v1n1p2
23. Díaz Heredia LP, Muñoz Sánchez AI, de Vargas D. Validade e confiabilidade do Questionário de Espiritualidade de Parsian e Dunning em versão espanhola. Rev Latino-Am Enfermagem. 2012;20(3):1-8. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2814/281423329018.pdf
24. García-Cadena CH, Hernández-Pozo MR, García-López E. Relación entre espiritualidad y percepción de salud en estudiantes universitarios del área de la salud. IOSR J Res Method Educ. 2017;7(5):10–15. https://bit.ly/3JoR0Ec
25. Bar-On R. Emotional and social intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Quotient Inventory. En: Bar-On R, Parker JDA, editores. The handbook of emotional intelligence: Theory, development, assessment, and application at home, school, and in the workplace. Jossey-Bass/Wiley; 2000. p. 363–88. https://bit.ly/3JmDYa6
26. Ugarriza N. La evaluación de la inteligencia emocional a través del inventario de BarOn (I-CE) en una muestra de Lima Metropolitana. Persona. 2001;(4):129-60. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=147118178005
27. Babor TF, Higgins-Biddle JC, Saunders JB, Monteiro MG. AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for Use in Primary Care. 2nd ed. World Health Organization; 2001. https://bit.ly/3JnEfJZ
28. Villarreal-Mata JL, Candia-Arredondo JS, Armendáriz-García NA, Guzmán-Ramírez V. Inteligencia emocional, motivación al cambio y estrés en el tratamiento para la adicción al alcohol y otras drogas en el norte de México. Región y Sociedad. 2024;36:e1912. https://doi.org/10.22198/rys2024/36/1912
29. Gobierno de La Rioja. Test ¿Qué sabes de las drogas? Programa Mano a Mano. 2015. http://manoamano.riojasalud.es/pdfs/test_quesabesdelasdrogas.pdf
30. Bedregal LE, Sobell LC, Sobell MB, Simco E. Psychometric characteristics of a Spanish version of the DAST-10 and the RAGS. Addict Behav. 2006;31(2):309–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.012
31. Tejero A, Trujols J. El Modelo Trans Teórico de Prochaska y DiClemente: Un modelo de cambio en el ámbito de las conductas adictivas. En: Graña JL, editor. Conductas Adictivas. Madrid: Ed. Debate; 1994. p. 3-43. https://bit.ly/4mu3xou
32. Secretaría de Salud. Reglamento de la Ley General de Salud en Materia de Investigación para la Salud. 2014. https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/regley/Reg_LGS_MIS.pdf
33. Beraldo L, Gil F, Ventriglio A, de Andrade AG, da Silva AG, Torales J, Castaldelli-Maia JM. Spirituality, religiosity and addiction recovery: Current perspectives. Curr Drug Res Rev. 2019;11(1):26–32. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874473711666180612075954
34. Belzunegui E, Pastor-Gosálbez I, Sánchez-Aragón A, Valls-Fonayet F, Díaz-Moreno V, de Andrés-Sánchez J. Consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes y la paradoja de la información. Rev Española Investig Sociológicas. 2025;(190):21-42. https://doi.org/10.5477/cis/reis.190.21-42
35. Grant BF, Goldstein RB, Saha TD, Chou SP, Jung J, Zhang H, Hasin DS. Epidemiology of DSM-5 alcohol use disorder: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. JAMA Psychiatry. 2015;72(8):757-66. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0584.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Julia Lizeth Villarreal-Mata , Nereyda Cruz-Zuñiga , Lubia del Carmen Castillo-Arcos , Annel González-Vázquez, Roberto Joel Tirado-Reyes, Pedro Moisés Noh-Moo (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.