A Juridical Analysis on the Usage of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Instruments from the Perspective of the Indonesian Law No. 17 of 2023
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20261941Keywords:
Artificial Intelligence, Medical Sector, Law, IndonesiaAbstract
Introduction: The quick development of artificial intelligence (AI) has spread to various sectors of health, including health technology. However, in line with the development of AI in the medical sector, complex medicolegal (legal and ethical) issues that health professionals, researchers, and policymakers must face start to emerge, such as the lack of legal regulations that govern AI, the issue of patient security and privacy, as well as who must take legal responsibility in case a certain issue occurs. This research aims to analyze how AI is used in health instruments from the perspective of Indonesian Law No. 17 of 2023 using a juridical analysis. Specifically, it aims to analyze the legal position of AI; telehealth and telemedicine in the Indonesian Health Law; the importance of data in the usage of AI in the health sector; risks in Using AI in the medical field; regulations on the use of AI in the medical field; and the implementation of telesurgery with the help of AI.
Methods: This research employed the normative juridical research method with a doctrinal characteristic. It employed the statute approach. It means research based on previous research data, library data, systematic reviews and laws and regulations
Results: Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health has not regulated the use of artificial intelligence (AI). These unclear regulations may endanger the position of doctors and patients. The lack of regulations that govern medical services between doctors and patients via AI may lead to legal uncertainty. This will certainly lack providing AI service scope for patients and doctors, especially on the safety of utilizing telesurgery in long-distance surgeries. Telesurgery offers certain benefits for patients and doctors but its practice must consider the legal and ethical aspects.
Conclusions: There should be regulations that govern the use of AI based on the medical ethical code and the ethical values that apply in society so that its use may always prioritize human interests.
References
1. Ririh K, Laili N, Wicaksono A, Tsurayya S. Studi Komparasi dan Analisis SWOT pada Implementasi Kecerdasan Buatan (Artificial Intelligence) di Indonesia. J Tek Ind. 2020;5(2):11.
2. Budiono A, Yuspin W, Nurani SS, Fairuzzaman F, Pradnyawan SWA, Sari SD. The Anglo-Saxon System of Common Law and the Development of the Legal System in Indonesia. WSEAS Trans Syst. 2023;22:207–13. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.37394/23202.2023.22.21
3. Liu X, Faes L, Kalf A. A Comparison of Deep Learning Performance Against Healthcare Professionals in Detecting Diseases from Medical Imaging: A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Lancet Digit Heal. 2019;1:271–97.
4. Gallego D, Pano-Pardo JR, Esquillor-Rodrigo MJ, Lanas A, Serrano MT. A Clinical Decision Web to Predict ICU Admission or Death for Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 Using Machine Learning Algorithms. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(16).
5. Utami NS, Prasetyoningsih N, Hidayat A, Huda N, Suteki, Saraswati R, dkk. Equality of the Political Rights of People with Mental Disorders (PWMD) in General Elections. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2019;13(4):1571–5.
6. Fatmawati IM. Health Technology Assessment untuk Alat Kesehatan: Scoping Review. J Kesehat Komunitas (Journal Community Heal). 2022;8(3):576–85.
7. Li R, Chen H, Gong G, Wang L. Bladder Wall Segmentation in MRI Images via Deep Learning and Anatomical Constraints. Dalam: 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE; 2020. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176112
8. Budiono A, Absori, Harun H, Nugroho HSW, Dimyati K, Ngestiningrum AH, dkk. The anachronism of the Indonesian social security policy in health. Medico-Legal Updat. 2019;19(1). Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.5958/0974-1283.2019.00046.X
9. Aminullah M, Ali M. Konsep Pengembangan Diri dalam Menghadapi Perkembangan Teknologi Komunikasi Era 4.0. Komunike. 2020;12(1):1–23. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.20414/jurkom.v12i1.2243
10. Iqbal S, Farooq S, Shahzad K, Malik AW, Hamayun MM, Hasan O. Secure Surgi Net: A framework for ensuring security in telesurgery. Int J Distrib Sens Networks. 2019;15(9). Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.1177/1550147719873811
11. Budiono A, Absori A, Ngestiningrum AH, Nugroho HSW. Pseudo National Security System of Health in Indonesia. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev. 2018;9(10):556–60. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.01404.3
12. Koswara IY. Malpraktik Kedokteran Perspektif Dokter dan Pasien. Jakarta: CV Budi Utama; 2020.
13. Ardiansyah I, Marlina T, Handoko D, Sukri B. Tata Hukum Positif Indonesia. Pekanbaru: Hawa dan AHWA; 2018.
14. Nita N, Nurahmatullah MF. Impacts of Artificial Intelligence on Student Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. Varidika. 2024;36(1):13-30. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.23917/varidika.v36i1.4730
15. Sudikno. Ilmu Hukum (Legal Studies). Yogyakarta: Penerbit Liberty; 2008.
16. Subekti. Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (The Civil Code). Jakarta: PT. Arga Printing; 2007.
17. Wardiono K. Prophetic: An Epistemological Offer for Legal Studies. J Transend of Law. 2019;1(1):17-41. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.23917/jtl.v1i1.8797
18. Rizka, Budiono A. Hukum Kesehatan (Health Law). Surakarta: MUP Press; 2023.
19. Meri HD. Etika Profesi dan Aspek Hukum Bidang Kesehatan. Bandung: Widina Bhakti Persada Bandung; 2020.
20. Yedalla J. AI-Generated Cyber Threats the Rise of Autonomous Hacking Systems. IJARCCE. 2024;13(12):7. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.17148/ijarcce.2024.131263
21. Budiono A, Absori, Wardiono K, Yuspin W, Gulyamov SS. Cyber Indoctrination Victims in Indonesia and Uzbekistan: Victim Protection and Indoctrination in Practice. J Hum Rights, Cult Leg Syst. 2023;3(3):441–475. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.53955/jhcls.v3i3.127
22. Pfaff CA, Deveraux B, Lohmann S, Lowrance C, Barış SO, Spahr TW, dkk. The Weaponization of AI: The Next Stage of Terrorism and Warfare. Ankara: Centre of Excellence Defence Against Terrorism; 2025.
23. Absori A, Hartotok H, Dimyati K, Nugroho HSW, Budiono A, Rizka. Public Health-Based Policy on Stunting Prevention in Pati Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2022;10(E):259–63.
24. Hartotok H, Absori A, Dimyati K, Santoso H, Budiono A. Stunting prevention policy as a form of child health rights legal protection. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2021;9:1218–23. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7254
25. Yuspin W, Wardiono K, Nurrahman A, Budiono A. The ideal management of health insurance for Indonesia according to constitution. Qual - Access to Success. 2020;21(176):48–50.
26. Mannas. Aspek Hukum Telemedicine di Indonesia. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada; 2021.
27. Absori, Nugroho SS, Triharyani A, Sarjiyati, Budiono A, Nugroho HSW, dkk. The Prospect of Environmental Law to Achieve Healthy Environmental Development in Indonesia. Med Leg. 2020;20(1):204–8. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v20i1.356
28. Mustikasari AP. Informed Consent dan Rekam Medis dalam Telemedicine di Indonesia. J Huk dan Pembang Ekon. 2021;8(2):89. Tersedia dari: https://doi.org/10.20961/hpe.v8i2.49759
29. Ariyana IGP. Peranan Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia dalam Penyelesaian Kasus Malpraktik Dokter. 2015.
30. Valeriu A. Telesurgery and Robotic Surgery: Ethical and Legal Aspect. J Community Med Heal Educ. 2015;5(3):4–5.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Budiono, Onnie Wira Tama , Naeem Allahrakha, Aminuddin Mustaffa , Abdullah Al Mamun , Rizka , Nur Aida Ikrima (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
