Antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Used in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis: A Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20251707Keywords:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, antigens, Diagnosis, tuberculosisAbstract
Introduction: Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease primarily caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis), although it can also involve other organs (extrapulmonary tuberculosis).
Objective: To identify specific M. tuberculosis antigens used in tuberculosis diagnosis, as well as the various detection methods, evaluating their effectiveness and applicability in different clinical contexts.
Method: A comprehensive search of studies published between January 2014 and May 2024 was conducted in biomedical databases, using Boolean operators to locate relevant articles. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select original studies on antigens and diagnostic methods.
Results: The findings of this review highlight the relevance of various M. tuberculosis antigens, such as ESAT6, CFP10, MPT64, LAM, and Ag85B, in tuberculosis diagnosis. Detection methods include immunoenzymatic techniques and nucleic acid amplification, each with variations in sensitivity and specificity. The selection of the most appropriate diagnostic approach depends on the clinical and epidemiological context, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies.
Conclusions: The use of specific M. tuberculosis antigens is essential for early detection and management of tuberculosis. Emerging technologies offer more precise and accessible alternatives, with the potential to enhance diagnosis in primary care settings and high-risk populations, contributing to global disease control and improved public health outcomes.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Josué Andrés Orozco Pilco, Ana Carolina González Romero, Carlos Iván Peñafiel Méndez, José Marcelo Ortiz Jiménez (Author)
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