Challenges and Strategies in Oral Hygiene of Bedridden Patients: An Integrative Literature Review

Abstract

This literature review examines the challenges and strategies in oral hygiene for bedridden patients based on publications from 2020-2024. The research demonstrates sustained growth in scientific interest in this area, with a significant increase in publications that doubled from 10 in 2020 to 20 in 2024. The main findings show a fundamental relationship between oral health and systemic conditions, highlighting the relevance of implementing standardized care protocols and the crucial role of properly trained caregivers. International collaboration, led by the United States, United Kingdom, and Germany, has been instrumental in developing evidence-based practices. The review highlights three essential aspects for improving care: the need for specialized equipment, the formation of interdisciplinary healthcare teams, and comprehensive caregiver education. Evidence suggests that this integrated approach, combining technical, professional, and educational resources, is fundamental to optimizing outcomes in bedridden patients and elevating their quality of life. The literature analysis reveals the importance of specific protocols, such as the application of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate and suction toothbrushes and establishing a minimum oral care regimen twice daily. Additionally, it emphasizes the need to adapt physical spaces and dental equipment to facilitate access and treatment for these patients. The research also highlights the importance of continuing education for both healthcare professionals and caregivers, this being a determining factor in the success of oral care programs.