Transformation of Intelligence Technology Learning through the Inquiry-Scientific Problem Based Learning to Improve Critical Thinking Skills
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56294/saludcyt20251242Keywords:
Inquiry-Based Scientific, Problem-Based Learning, Intelligence Technology, Critical Thinking, Educational InnovationAbstract
This study examines the effectiveness of the Inquiry-Based Scientific Problem Learning (PBL) model in enhancing cadets’ critical thinking and learning outcomes at the Sekolah Tinggi Intelijen Negara (STIN). Addressing the evolving needs of the intelligence sector, which demands technical expertise and higher-order thinking, the research combines scientific inquiry with PBL to create a comprehensive instructional approach. A quasi-experimental design involved 50 fourth-semester cadets divided into experimental and control groups. Learning outcomes were evaluated through pre-test and post-test assessments, focusing on cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains. Results showed that using the Inquiry-Based Scientific Problem Learning model, the experimental group achieved significant gains in all areas. Cadets in the experimental group demonstrated enhanced critical thinking and analytical skills in the cognitive domain, increased motivation, communication, and collaboration in the affective domain, and superior practical skills in the psychomotor domain. Statistical analyses, including N-gain, validated the model’s impact. These findings suggest that the Inquiry-Based Scientific Problem Learning model effectively develops intelligent professionals, bridging theory and practice while fostering technical and soft skills crucial in the field. This research supports the need for innovative and adaptive educational methods in specialized and dynamic environments like intelligence education.
References
1. Hanafi M, Almasri. Design and Implementation of an Arduino-Based Bluetooth-Controlled Shopping Trolley with Ultrasonic Sensor Integration. J Hypermedia Technol Enhanc Learn. 2024 Oct 17;2(3):320–37.
2. Kusuma RW, Faiza D, Thamrin, Anori S. Automatic Light Control System for Bathroom Using Arduino Uno. J Hypermedia Technol Enhanc Learn. 2024 Oct 17;2(3):229–44.
3. Samala AD, Rawas S, Wang T, Reed JM, Kim J, Howard NJ, et al. Unveiling the landscape of generative artificial intelligence in education: a comprehensive taxonomy of applications, challenges, and future prospects. Educ Inf Technol [Internet]. 2024 Aug 13 [cited 2024 Nov 9]; Available from: https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10639-024-12936-0
4. Turgut H. Data Science And Artificial Intelligence In Agriculture. In: Pulak Kumar Patra Dr, Seval Sevgi Kirdar ProfDr, Das T, Yawale P, editors. Futuristic Trends in Agriculture Engineering & Food Sciences Volume 3 Book 7 [Internet]. First. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd; 2024 [cited 2024 Oct 23]. p. 332–60. Available from: https://iipseries.org/viewpaper.php?pid=6211&pt=data-science-and-artificial-intelligence-in-agriculture
5. Mubarok AS, Susandi A, Mantoro T. Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data for Strengthening the Role of Intelligence in Human Security. In: 2022 IEEE 8th International Conference on Computing, Engineering and Design (ICCED) [Internet]. Sukabumi, Indonesia: IEEE; 2022 [cited 2024 Oct 23]. p. 1–5. Available from: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10010514/
6. Shortland N, Forest JJF. Tracking Terrorism: The Role of Technology in Risk Assessment and Monitoring of Terrorist Offenders. In: Fox B, Reid JA, Masys AJ, editors. Science Informed Policing [Internet]. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2020 [cited 2024 Oct 23]. p. 57–76. (Advanced Sciences and Technologies for Security Applications). Available from: http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-030-41287-6_4
7. Jensen NJ. Technology and intelligence. Journal of Money Laundering Control. 2005 Jul 1;8(3):227–42.
8. Sya’ban AN, Faiza D, Thamrin, Jasril IR. Rancang Bangun dan Tingkat Akurasi Trainer Hukum Ohm dan Hukum Krichoff. Journal of Hype and TEL. 2024 Jan 23;2(1):59–73.
9. Kusuma MD, Rosidin U, Abdurrahman A, Suyatna A. The Development of Higher Order Thinking Skill (Hots) Instrument Assessment In Physics Study. IOSRJRME. 2017 Jan;07(01):26–32.
10. Yee MH, Yunos JM, Othman W, Hassan R, Tee TK, Mohamad MM. Disparity of learning styles and higher order thinking skills among technical students. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015;204:143–52.
11. Mahendra IWE, Parmithi NN, Jayantika IGANT. Factors Affecting Teachers in Collecting HOTS Questions: A Description Analysis. INTJECSE. 2022 Mar 17;14(1):1005–12.
12. Jihannita J, Prasetyo ZK, Wilujeng I. How to Prepare HOTS to Face the 21st Century? jppipa, pendidikan ipa, fisika, biologi, kimia. 2023 Aug 25;9(8):486–92.
13. Deniş-Çeliker H, Dere S. The Effects of The Problem-Based Learnıng Supported by Experiments in Science Course: Students’ Inquiry Learning and Reflective Thinking Skills. J Sci Learn. 2022 Mar 1;5(1):14–27.
14. Mahendra IWE, Sugiharni GAD. Problem-Based Learning: Learning Approach Solutions in Crisis Period. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation. 2022;6(3):415–22.
15. Carrió M, Baños JE, Rodríguez G. Comparison of the Effect of Two Hybrid Models of Problem-Based Learning Implementation on the Development of Transversal and Research Skills and the Learning Experience. In Frontiers Media SA; 2022. p. 875860.
16. Rehmat AP, Glazewski K, Hmelo-Silver CE. Contextualizing problem-based learning: An overview of research and practice. 2018;
17. Ginanjar H. Improving Students’ Opinoning Ability and Learning Outcomes Through Problem-Based Learning in VIII grade. JED (Jurnal Etika Demokrasi). 2023;8(4):483–96.
18. Ujulu I, Umar MK, Mursalin, Odja AH. Students’ Problem-Solving Profile in Overcoming Sound Wave Concepts Based Students’ Academic Abilities on Online Class: In Yogyakarta, Indonesia; 2021 [cited 2024 Oct 29]. Available from: https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125953681
19. Pamungkas GP, Siregar R, Lilulidesi M, Sutono S. Peningkatan Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Dengan Model Problem Based Learning. Laplace: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika. 2023;6(1):269–82.
20. Smith G, Ichda MA, Alfan M, Kuncoro T. Literacy studies: Implementation of problem-based learning models to improve critical thinking skills in elementary school students. KnE Social Sciences. 2023;222–33.
21. Gonzalez L. The Problem-Based Learning Model. In: 2019 Eighth International Conference on Educational Innovation through Technology (EITT). Biloxi, MS, USA: IEEE; 2019. p. 180–3.
22. Ernawati E, Ferdian F, Zur R. Improving fashion design learning outcomes by problem based learning model in vocational high school.
23. Ghufron MA, Ermawati S. The strengths and weaknesses of cooperative learning and problem-based learning in EFL writing class: Teachers’ and students’ perspectives. International Journal of Instruction. 2018;11(4):657–72.
24. Salam M, Ndia L, Misu L, Jafar J, Suhar S, Hasnawati H. Applying scaffolding technique in Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students’ mathematics problem solving ability. World J Adv Res Rev. 2024 Mar 30;21(3):1372–9.
25. Jayanti DD, Arif QN, Marlina M. Penerapan Model Pembelajaran PBL (Problem Based Learning) Materi Daur Air Pada Pelajaran Biologi. ASPIRASI. 2024 Mar 14;2(2):54–61.
26. Alarcon DAU, Talavera-Mendoza F, Paucar FHR, Caceres KSC, Viza RM. Science and inquiry-based teaching and learning: a systematic review. Front Educ. 2023 May 5;8:1170487.
27. Mieg HA, Ambos E, Brew A, Galli D, Lehmann J, editors. STEM. In: The Cambridge Handbook of Undergraduate Research [Internet]. 1st ed. Cambridge University Press; 2022 [cited 2024 Oct 29]. p. 189–238. Available from: https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/9781108869508%23PTN-bp-6/type/book_part
28. Andre J, Ramadhani W, Syahril S, Purwanto W, Irfan D, Basri IY. Development of an e-module for sensors and transducers using Kvisoft Flipbook to enhance 4Cs skills in vocational education students. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Kejuruan. 2024;7(3):126–39.
29. Rosenström TH, Czajkowski NO, Solbakken OA, Saarni SE. Direction of dependence analysis for pre-post assessments using non-Gaussian methods: a tutorial. Psychotherapy Research. 2023 Nov 17;33(8):1058–75.
30. Chen M. Empirical likelihood methods for pretest-posttest studies. 2015;
31. Fauzani AR, Ampera D. Development Interactive Video Media Using Study Strategies Groups for Facial Skin Care Learning not Problems Beauty Cosmetology SMK Negeri 3 Pematang Siantar.
32. Hmelo-Silver CE. Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn? Educational psychology review. 2004;16:235–66.
33. Bybee RW, Taylor JA, Gardner A, Westbrook A, Landes N. The BSCS 5E instructional model: Origins and effectiveness. 2006;
34. Saunders-Stewart KS, Gyles PD, Shore BM. Student outcomes in inquiry instruction: A literature-derived inventory. Journal of advanced academics. 2012;23(1):5–31.
35. Dolmans DH, De Grave W, Wolfhagen IH, Van Der Vleuten CP. Problem‐based learning: Future challenges for educational practice and research. Medical education. 2005;39(7):732–41.
36. Schmidt HG, Rotgans JI, Yew EH. The process of problem‐based learning: what works and why. Medical education. 2011;45(8):792–806.
37. Norman GR, Schmidt HG. Effectiveness of problem‐based learning curricula: Theory, practice and paper darts. Medical education. 2000;34(9):721–8.
38. Kolodner JL, Camp PJ, Crismond D, Fasse B, Gray J, Holbrook J, et al. Problem-based learning meets case-based reasoning in the middle-school science classroom: Putting learning by design (tm) into practice. The journal of the learning sciences. 2003;12(4):495–547.
39. Kirkpatrick D, Kirkpatrick J. Evaluating training programs: The four levels. Berrett-Koehler Publishers; 2006.
40. Schmidt HG. Foundations of problem‐based learning: some explanatory notes. Medical education. 1993;27(5):422–32.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Yose Indarta, Ambiyar, Fadhillah, Fadhli Ranuharja, Margaretha Karolina Sagala, Daniel Rinaldi, Firas Tayseer Ayasrah, Angel Torres-Toukoumidis (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
