Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología
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publisher: AG Editor (Argentina)
language: en
publication name: Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología
issn: 2796-9711
copyright: The article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Unless otherwise stated, associated published material is distributed under the same licence.
items: Physical, curricular and attitudinal barriers for students with disabilities in higher education
items: https://sct.ageditor.ar/index.php/sct/article/view/2665
items: Optimization of the Design of a Centrifugal Pump of the Automotive Engine Cooling System
items: Effects of intradialytic exercise on muscle strength and physical capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis
items: A Juridical Analysis on the Usage of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Instruments from the Perspective of the Indonesian Law No. 17 of 2023
items: Transdisciplinary STEAM and Quality Control Approaches Elevating Vocational Education in Support of SDGs
items: Regional Collaboration in Public Health Policy: Evaluating Family Assistance Team Involvement in Stunting Reduction
items: Designing an Android-Based learning media for Javanese Script: A study on student's conceptual understanding and literacy skills
items: Antimicrobial Effects of Aqueous Bark Extracts of Khaya senegalensis, Azadirachta indica and Euclyptus camaldulensis against Different Bacterial Pathogens
items: Development of an Augmented Reality-Based Student Attitude Assessment Model (ASSAR) as an Effort to Strengthen the Graduate Profile in the Implementation of Deep Learning in Vocational Schools
items: The Effect of Noise, Vibration, Temperature, and Mental Workload on Work Productivity Through Job Stress at PT. Makassar Tene
items: The Impact of Visualization Integration and Mason's Theory in Real Analysis Learning on Students' Mathematical Proof Abilitie
items: Integration of Batak Angkola Local Wisdom “Poda Na Lima” In Secondary Stroke Prevention: An Interdisciplinary
items: A Review of AI and Deep Transfer Learning Methods for Plant Disease Detection and Classification
items: Rational Emotive Behavior Counseling as an Intervention to Strengthen Grit, Growth Mindset, and Academic Resilience in Higher Education
items: The Effect of Noise Intensity, Work Climate and Individual Characteristics on Blood Pressure of Workers PT Bungasari Flour Mills
items: Optimization of Tasamuh concept through GESI approach to Fatayat organization to realize inclusive public islam
items: Digital Citizen Participation and Sustainable Development Goals in Ecuadorian Municipalities: An Integrative Review
items: Technologies for Stakeholder Management in Sustainable Tourism in Manabí, Ecuador
items: Enhancing the Effectiveness of Learning Models: Key Factors Explored Higher Education
items: Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence Use on Diagnostic Learning in Medical Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
items: Impact of collaborative STEAM learning on the development of metacognitive skills in students
items: Effective Therapeutic Communication Model in Reducing Stunting in Secanggang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra
items: QBD Driven Approach Design and Optimization of Lipid-Based Nanoformulation of Cannabidiol for Enhanced Treatment of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
items: Moving Out Of The Class And Developing Environmental Awareness: Experiential Learning Based Ecopedagogy In Action
items: Predictive model of complex networks for geopolitical conflicts in global trade: the case of Ecuador
items: Body Image Concept of Women's Gym Community in Makassar City
items: A Post-Pandemic Management Model for Enhancing Junior High School Teachers’ Professional Competence in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Development and Validation
items: Development and Evaluation of SIADIL (Sistem Informasi Aktivitas Dukungan Instrumental Lansia): A Community-Based Digital System to Enhance Older Adults’ Care in Rural Indonesia
items: Development of BETA learning applications (Balaghah and exploration Tadzawwuq Adabiy) on Balaghah subjects to realize pesantren Revolution 5.0

Physical, curricular and attitudinal barriers for students with disabilities in higher education
type: item
description: Inclusive education was recognized as an essential component to ensure equal opportunities for students with disabilities; however, physical, curricular, and attitudinal barriers continued to limit their full participation in higher education. The general objective of this study was to empirically analyze how these barriers affected the academic experience of students with disabilities in universities. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining surveys with 120 students and semi-structured interviews with 12 faculty members. Results revealed that physical barriers, such as inadequate ramps, elevators, and accessible spaces, restricted students' mobility and autonomy. Curricular barriers were evidenced by inconsistent implementation of pedagogical and evaluative adaptations, while attitudinal barriers included negative perceptions and low performance expectations from some faculty and peers. Accessible technological resources were partially available and non-standardized, generating inequalities in learning. Existing institutional policies were perceived as limited, with scarce implementation and monitoring. The study highlighted that effective inclusion required an integrated approach combining accessible infrastructure, adapted curriculum, faculty training, technological resources, and inclusive culture, coordinated among faculty, students, and administrators, to ensure equity, retention, and academic success.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Inclusive Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Barriers
  topic: keywords
subject: Disability
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Accessibility
  topic: keywords
creator: Diana Elizabeth Montesdeoca Vera
creator: Janina Consuelo Pérez Cruz
creator: Pedro Arturo Noboa Neira
creator: Isaura Romelia Humanante Serrano
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Diana Elizabeth Montesdeoca Vera, Janina Consuelo Pérez Cruz, Pedro Arturo Noboa Neira, Isaura Romelia Humanante Serrano (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: 2702
ending page: 2702
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20252702

https://sct.ageditor.ar/index.php/sct/article/view/2665
type: item
title: Antidiabetic Effect of Raru (Vatica perakensis) Bark Extract and Mocaf Activated Carbon in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Ratsntidiabetic Effect of Raru (Vatica perakensis) Bark Extract and Mocaf Activated Carbon in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats
description: Introduction: the natural benefits of raru as a natural sweetness reducer. Batak people have practiced for generations, form the basis for exploring raru as a biomedicine ingredient for anti-diabetes. Objective: this study aims to combine the raru's bark extract with tapioca-derived MAC (mocaf activated carbon) to assess its effectiveness and bioactivity as an anti-diabetic agent in male Sprague Dawley rats. Methods: The carbonization technique used was inherently hydrothermal carbonization. For such, the modified tapioca flour was carbonized at a temperature of 250°C for 6 hours. Raru bark powder was extracted using ethanol 70 % by maceration for 72 hours. In vivo antidiabetic activity was used on Sprague Dawley rats, male, aged ± 12 weeks, with a weight of ± 250-350 grams. Results: the result showed that the anti-diabetic activity of the combined raru's extract and MAC exposed to the rats brought about the declines in glucose levels in the rat's blood. The various treatments at different concentration ratios of raru's extract and MAC supposedly efficacious in the experiments showed that the levels of blood level reduction were slightly varied (14-21%). The mixture of raru's extract and MAC with a 75:25 ratio was better than a 50:50 ratio in lowering the blood glucose level. Conclusion: In vivo experiments can reduce blood sugar levels diabetic rats. The involvement of MAC in the alleged anti-diabetic agent did little to induce the glucose level decrease in the rat's blood. However, raru's extract and MAC indicate its potential utilization as an anti-diabetic agent.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Antidiabetic
  topic: keywords
subject: Extract
  topic: keywords
subject: In-vivo
  topic: keywords
subject: MAC
  topic: keywords
subject: Raru
  topic: keywords
creator: Gunawan Pasaribu
creator: Novitri Hastuti
creator: Saptadi Darmawan
creator: Gustan Pari
creator: Lisna Efiyanti
creator: Sigit Baktya Prabawa
creator: Totok K. Waluyo
creator: Yelin Adalina
creator: Andianto
creator: Soenarno
creator: Agus Ismanto
creator: Alfonsus H. Harianja
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Gunawan Pasaribu, Novitri Hastuti, Saptadi Darmawan, Gustan Pari, Lisna Efiyanti, Sigit Baktya Prabawa, Totok K. Waluyo, Yelin Adalina, Andianto, Soenarno, Agus Ismanto, Alfonsus H. Harianja (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 2665
ending page: 2665
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20252665

Optimization of the Design of a Centrifugal Pump of the Automotive Engine Cooling System
type: item
description: Introduction: The study focused on analyzing the design of a centrifugal pump in vehicle engine cooling systems. Cavitation, a phenomenon that impacts the efficiency and durability of hydraulic components, was examined as a key variable. Based on the geometry of the centrifugal pump impeller, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and experimental validation were employed. Methods: Three combined strategies were implemented: analysis of hydraulic parameters using equations; precise modeling of flow behavior to evaluate geometric configurations; and comparison of numerical data with actual pressure and flow measurements. Fluctuations in the motor diameter (61 mm, 62 mm, and 63 mm) were analyzed under normal operating conditions and acceleration. Results: Increasing the inlet diameter to 61 mm proved to be the ideal solution, achieving a 5% increase in pump inlet pressure and significantly reducing the risk of cavitation. CFD methods were confirmed as valuable tools for refining designs, demonstrating a high correlation with experimental data. Conclusions: The effective use of tools such as CFD to address critical challenges in automotive engineering is emphasized, optimizing both technical performance and environmental impact. Furthermore, it increases hydraulic efficiency and reduces cavitation in centrifugal pump in vehicle engine cooling systems.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: centrifugal pump
  topic: keywords
subject: geometrical parameters
  topic: keywords
subject: volute design
  topic: keywords
subject: engine automotive
  topic: keywords
subject: computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
  topic: keywords
creator: Edilberto Antonio Llanes-Cedeño
creator: Édison Argüello Maya
creator: Juan Carlos Quinchuela Paucar
creator: Rodrigo Rigoberto Moreno-Pallares
creator: Lenin Montalvo Ochoa
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Edilberto Antonio Llanes-Cedeño, Édison Argüello Maya, Juan Carlos Quinchuela Paucar , Rodrigo Rigoberto Moreno-Pallares , Lenin Montalvo Ochoa (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
starting page: 2514
ending page: 2514
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262514

Effects of intradialytic exercise on muscle strength and physical capacity in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving hemodialysis
type: item
description: Introduction: patients with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease present a hypercatabolic state characterized by loss of body proteins, which has a negative impact on physical capacity and muscle strength, particularly in patients undergoing hemodialysis, leading to reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Exercise has been shown to improve muscle function in this population, but remains underutilized due to safety concerns and lack of evidence. Methodology: we conducted a descriptive systematic review of cohort studies and randomized clinical trials published in the last 5 years in English or Spanish whose main intervention is intradialytic physical exercise was conducted. Results: thirteen studies were analyzed that described an improvement in physical and functional capacity of patients who were included in the intradialytic exercise groups, although changes regarding body composition were not significant. Conclusions: the implementation of structured and supervised exercise programs during hemodialysis can mitigate the adverse effects of prolonged inactivity, improve physical function, and ultimately improve the quality of life of CKD patients
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
  topic: keywords
subject: INTRADIALYTIC EXERCISE
  topic: keywords
subject: HEMODIALYSIS
  topic: keywords
subject: PHYSICAL FUNCTION
  topic: keywords
subject: MUSCLE STRENGTH
  topic: keywords
creator: Melanie Samantha Armas Ingavélez
creator: Jorge Marcelo Morales Solis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Melanie Samantha Armas Ingavélez , Jorge Marcelo Morales Solis (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-01-01
publication date: 2025-01-01
starting page: 1322
ending page: 1322
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20251322

A Juridical Analysis on the Usage of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Instruments from the Perspective of the Indonesian Law No. 17 of 2023
type: item
description: Introduction: The quick development of artificial intelligence (AI) has spread to various sectors of health, including health technology. However, in line with the development of AI in the medical sector, complex medicolegal (legal and ethical) issues that health professionals, researchers, and policymakers must face start to emerge, such as the lack of legal regulations that govern AI, the issue of patient security and privacy, as well as who must take legal responsibility in case a certain issue occurs. This research aims to analyze how AI is used in health instruments from the perspective of Indonesian Law No. 17 of 2023 using a juridical analysis. Specifically, it aims to analyze the legal position of AI; telehealth and telemedicine in the Indonesian Health Law; the importance of data in the usage of AI in the health sector; risks in Using AI in the medical field; regulations on the use of AI in the medical field; and the implementation of telesurgery with the help of AI. Methods: This research employed the normative juridical research method with a doctrinal characteristic. It employed the statute approach. It means research based on previous research data, library data, systematic reviews and laws and regulations Results: Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health has not regulated the use of artificial intelligence (AI). These unclear regulations may endanger the position of doctors and patients. The lack of regulations that govern medical services between doctors and patients via AI may lead to legal uncertainty. This will certainly lack providing AI service scope for patients and doctors, especially on the safety of utilizing telesurgery in long-distance surgeries. Telesurgery offers certain benefits for patients and doctors but its practice must consider the legal and ethical aspects. Conclusions: There should be regulations that govern the use of AI based on the medical ethical code and the ethical values that apply in society so that its use may always prioritize huma…
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Law
  topic: keywords
subject: Indonesia
  topic: keywords
creator: Arief Budiono
creator: Onnie Wira Tama
creator: Naeem Allahrakha
creator: Aminuddin Mustaffa
creator: Abdullah Al Mamun
creator: Rizka Rizka
creator: Nur Aida Ikrima
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Arief Budiono, Onnie Wira Tama , Naeem Allahrakha, Aminuddin Mustaffa , Abdullah Al Mamun , Rizka , Nur Aida Ikrima (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 1941
ending page: 1941
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20261941

Transdisciplinary STEAM and Quality Control Approaches Elevating Vocational Education in Support of SDGs
type: item
description: Introduction: the rapid development of modern industries requires vocational education to equip students with both technical expertise and creative, interdisciplinary competencies. To meet these demands, learning models must integrate scientific and technological knowledge with systematic quality assurance. This study examines the relevance and importance of combining STEAM-based learning with Quality Control (QC) to enhance students’ readiness for industry-standard production. Method: this study employed a Pretest–Posttest Control Group Design involving 32 vocational students divided into experimental and control classes. The experimental class received STEAM-QC–based instruction, integrating scientific concepts, technological tools, engineering design, artistic creativity, and mathematical analysis while applying QC at every production stage. Data were collected through tests, observations, and product assessments, and analyzed using Shapiro–Wilk and Levene tests, N-Gain, and Two-Way ANOVA. A total of 42 scholarly sources supported the theoretical and methodological framework. Results: the STEAM-QC intervention strengthened students’ interdisciplinary understanding, improved their systematic work processes, and enhanced the feasibility of their final products. Learning outcomes showed higher improvement in the experimental group, and product evaluations demonstrated better performance in construction quality, aesthetics, and durability. The model also promoted more consistent decision-making and reflective practice during production. Conclusions: the integration of STEAM and QC provides an effective instructional model for vocational education by aligning academic learning with industrial quality standards. This approach supports the development of competent and innovative graduates and contributes to achieving SDG 4 (Quality Education) and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure).
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: STEAM
  topic: keywords
subject: Quality Control
  topic: keywords
subject: Vocational Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Model
  topic: keywords
subject: SDGs
  topic: keywords
creator: Rijal Abdullah
creator: Fani Keprila Prima
creator: Juniman Silalahi
creator: Windry Novalia Jufri
creator: Yuwalitas Gusmareta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Fani prima, Prof. Dr. Rijal Abdullah, M.T, Dr. Juniman Silalahi, M.Pd, Windry Novalia Jufri, S. Pd., M. Pd, Yuwalitas Gusmareta, S.Pd, M.Pd.T (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2519
ending page: 2519
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20252519

Regional Collaboration in Public Health Policy: Evaluating Family Assistance Team Involvement in Stunting Reduction
type: item
description: Introduction: The study examined regional collaboration in public health policy by assessing the involvement of Family Assistance Teams (FATs) in accelerating stunting reduction in Lampung Province, Indonesia. It aimed to identify FATs’ roles, performance, and operational challenges in implementing integrated health and nutrition programs under decentralized governance. Methods: A qualitative approach was used through focus group discussions with 23 FAT members from North Lampung, West Lampung, and Way Kanan Regencies. Participants were purposively selected based on program intensity. Data validation was conducted through interviews with family planning field officers to ensure accuracy and policy relevance. Results: The findings revealed variation in role comprehension, sectoral coordination, and digital data use. Key challenges included limited technical skills, scarce resources, and weak integration with Regional Stunting Reduction Teams. Nonetheless, locally driven strategies supported by village funds, structured task allocation, and active engagement in health posts enhanced program performance and outcomes. Conclusions: The study concluded that strengthening institutional capacity, improving digital data management, enhancing coordination mechanisms, and introducing performance-based incentives were vital to increase FAT effectiveness. These insights provided strategic guidance for refining collaborative governance and expanding sustainable stunting reduction initiatives across regions.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Regional Collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Family Assistance Team
  topic: keywords
subject: Stunting Reduction
  topic: keywords
subject: Public Policy
  topic: keywords
subject: Community Health
  topic: keywords
creator: Yulianto Yulianto
creator: Asnani Asnani
creator: R. Luki Karunia
creator: Johan Hendri Prasetyo
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Yulianto Yulianto, Asnani Asnani, R. Luki Karunia, Johan Hendri Prasetyo (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2644
ending page: 2644
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262644

Designing an Android-Based learning media for Javanese Script: A study on student's conceptual understanding and literacy skills
type: item
description: Introduction: javanese script is a traditional writing system with a rich history and philosophy, and it is one of the most endangered forms of cultural heritage. This study aims to determine the effect of understanding the concept of the Javanese script on the literacy skills of students interested in Android-based learning media. Methods: this study uses a mixed-methods approach with quantitative and qualitative analysis stages. A sample of 286 students was selected using purposive random sampling. Quantitative data were obtained by administering student questionnaires, while qualitative data were obtained through observation, interviews and documentation. Quantitative data were analysed using SEM-PLS. Qualitative data analysis was conducted using triangulation of data and sources. Results: the results of the path coefficient calculation show an effect of 0.341, with a t-count of 6.646, and a p-value of 0.000. Understanding the concept of Javanese script influences interest in Android-based media. The path coefficient obtained from the calculation was 0.486, with a t-count of 8.250, and a p-value of 0.000. The results show the influence of children's literacy skills on interest in Android-based media. Conclusions: javaScript learning media based on Android can increase interest in and understanding of the concept of JavaScript. Further research is recommended, with a wider and more diverse sample of participants from different schools and backgrounds, to make the results more generalisable.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: android-based learning
  topic: keywords
subject: media
  topic: keywords
subject: english script
  topic: keywords
subject: literacy skills
  topic: keywords
subject: educational technology
  topic: keywords
subject: student learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Much Arsyad Fardani
creator: Ika Ari Pratiwi
creator: Lintang Kironoratri
creator: Indra Ava Dianta
creator: Hilmy Aliriad
creator: Dwiana Asih Wiranti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Much Arsyad Fardani, Ika Ari Pratiwi, Lintang Kironoratri, Indra Ava Dianta, Hilmy Aliriad, Dwiana Asih Wiranti (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-27
publication date: 2025-12-27
starting page: 2697
ending page: 2697
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20252697

Antimicrobial Effects of Aqueous Bark Extracts of Khaya senegalensis, Azadirachta indica and Euclyptus camaldulensis against Different Bacterial Pathogens
type: item
description: Introduction: aqueous bark preparations of Khaya senegalensis, Azadirachta indica, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis are widely employed in traditional medicine for the management of microbial infections in both humans and animals. The present work aimed to investigate the antibacterial potential of these plant extracts against selected Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella dublin). Methods: bark materials were extracted with water to obtain concentrations equivalent to 20 g, 40 g, and 50 g per 100 mL. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion technique at the Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum. Bacterial susceptibility was determined by measuring inhibition zone diameters around the wells. Results: all tested aqueous extracts demonstrated inhibitory effects against the examined bacterial strains at every tested concentration. Antibacterial activity increased with rising concentration, with the maximum effect observed at 0.5 mg/mL. At this level, inhibition zones against Staphylococcus aureus measured 3.7 ± 0.52 cm for Khaya senegalensis, 3.0 ± 0.24 cm for Azadirachta indica, and 2.8 ± 0.57 cm for Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Conclusion: the findings indicate that bark-derived aqueous extracts from the three studied species possess notable antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens, particularly at higher concentrations. These results support their traditional use and suggest the need for further investigations involving other plant organs—such as leaves, fruits, and roots—tested across a wider range of concentrations.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Antimicrobial
  topic: keywords
subject: Exotic species
  topic: keywords
subject: Aqueous extract
  topic: keywords
subject: Bark
  topic: keywords
creator: Wadah Osman
creator: Haytham Hashim Gibreel
creator: Reem Rabiae Mohammed Salih
creator: Mohamed Mirghani
creator: Alqarni M.H.
creator: Foudah A.I.
creator: Ahmed Ashour
creator: Waggiallah H.A.
creator: El-Sakhawy M.A.
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Wadah Osman , Haytham Hashim Gibreel , Reem Rabiae Mohammed Salih , Mohamed Mirghani , Alqarni M.H. , Foudah A. I. , Ahmed Ashour, Waggiallah, H. A. , El-Sakhawy, M. A. (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2683
ending page: 2683
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262683

Development of an Augmented Reality-Based Student Attitude Assessment Model (ASSAR) as an Effort to Strengthen the Graduate Profile in the Implementation of Deep Learning in Vocational Schools
type: item
description: Introduction: in[user3.1][AS3.2] the digital era, integrating technology into education has become crucial, particularly for improving student competency assessment. Vocational schools, which aim to prepare work-ready and competitive graduates, require innovative approaches to enhance learning and evaluation processes. Method[user4.1][AS4.2]: this study developed and tested the effectiveness of the Augmented Reality-Based Student Attitude Assessment Model (ASSAR) to support the implementation of deep learning in vocational education. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design following the ADDIE model, consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation stages. Results: the[user5.1][AS5.2] findings indicated that the ASSAR model was valid, reliable, and practical for use in vocational education. Expert validation demonstrated high content validity (Aiken’s V > 0.80), supported by additional analyses showing strong construct validity and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha > 0.85). Teachers evaluated the model as feasible and efficient, while students reported increased engagement and authenticity through the AR-based interface. The product also achieved Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 7, confirming its applicability in real educational settings. Further expert evaluation through a Focus Group Discussion reaffirmed these results, with four experts rating both the graduate profile materials and the AR-based learning media as highly eligible (Aiken’s V = 0.81–0.94). Conclusions: the ASSAR model enhanced the objectivity, authenticity, and efficiency of attitude assessment, supporting vocational schools in producing graduates equipped with both technical competence and professional character to meet the challenges of Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Augmented Reality (AR)
  topic: keywords
subject: Attitude Assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Vocational Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Graduate Profile
  topic: keywords
creator: Ani Widayati
creator: Dian Normalitasari Purnama
creator: Agatha Saputri
creator: Arief Nurrahman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ani Widayati, Dian Normalitasari Purnama, Agatha Saputri, Arief Nurrahman (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 2651
ending page: 2651
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20252651

The Effect of Noise, Vibration, Temperature, and Mental Workload on Work Productivity Through Job Stress at PT. Makassar Tene
type: item
description: Introduction: Work stress is one of the common problems faced by workers in both formal and informal sectors. In addition to noise, vibration, temperature and mental workload are also factors that affect employee productivity levels. Method: Quantitative research with a cross-sectional design with path analysis. The sample of this study was 100 respondents selected using the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling technique. Data were collected through questionnaires and measuring instruments. Results: The results of this study indicate that noise significantly affects work stress (p=0,002) does not affect work productivity (p=0,105) work stress as a significant mediator (p=0,002), vibration (WBV) does not affect work stress (p=0,543) does not affect work productivity (p=0,157), work stress as a mediator is not significant (p=0,547), temperature affects work stress (p=0,002), does not affect work productivity (p=0,918), work stress as a significant mediator (p=0,001), mental workload affects work stress (p=0,012), affects work productivity (p=0,042), work stress as a significant mediator (p=0,012). Conclusion: Noise, temperature and mental workload are important factors influencing work productivity and work stress both directly and through work stress as an intervening variable.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: noise
  topic: keywords
subject: vibration (wbv)
  topic: keywords
subject: temperature
  topic: keywords
subject: mental workload
  topic: keywords
subject: fatigue
  topic: keywords
subject: work stress
  topic: keywords
subject: work productivity
  topic: keywords
creator: Natalia Padalling
creator: Syamsiar S. Russeng
creator: M. Furqaan Naiem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Natalia Padalling, Syamsiar S. Russeng, M. Furqaan Naiem (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 2687
ending page: 2687
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20252687

The Impact of Visualization Integration and Mason's Theory in Real Analysis Learning on Students' Mathematical Proof Abilitie
type: item
description: Introduction: mathematical proof abilities are crucial for mathematics students because mathematics is full of theories and concepts that must be proven. Mathematical proof is the core of the Real Analysis course. However, most students struggle with this course because the topic consists of abstract concepts and proofs. Providing visualizations of abstract concepts and Mason's framework of thought is expected to be a solution to help students conduct proofs. Methods: this research is a descriptive qualitative study. The research instruments were a mathematical proof test in the form of an essay and a structured interview guide. The research subjects were: one class of 35 students of the Mathematics Education study program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padang State University (Indonesia). For the interview, 3 people were taken from the lower group and 3 people from the upper group. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive analysis. Results: the results of the mathematical proof test showed that there was an increase in students' mathematical proofs before and after learning that integrated visualization and Mason's framework of thinking. From the interview results, it was found that: for students in the lower group, the use of visualization could improve their understanding of abstract concepts but they were not yet able to write proofs well. Meanwhile, students in the upper group, the use of visualization could improve their understanding of abstract concepts and write proofs and describe them in the good and very good categories Conclusions: use Mason's visualization and conceptual framework in learning can improve students' mathematical proofs. Although the improvement is not significant, lower-level students saw improvements at the cognitive level of understanding, while higher-level students saw improvements at the application and analysis levels.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Visualization
  topic: keywords
subject: Mason's Theory
  topic: keywords
subject: Mathematical Proof
  topic: keywords
subject: Real Analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Yerizon Yerizon
creator: Dewi Murni
creator: Elita Zusti Jamaan
creator: I Made Arnawa
creator: Helma Helma
creator: Mirna Mirna
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Yerizon Yerizon, Dewi Murni , Elita Zusti Jamaan, I Made Arnawa, Helma Helma, Mirna Mirna (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-25
publication date: 2025-12-25
starting page: 2643
ending page: 2643
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20252643

Integration of Batak Angkola Local Wisdom “Poda Na Lima” In Secondary Stroke Prevention: An Interdisciplinary
type: item
description: Objective: This study aims to explore the integration of Poda Na Lima , a form of local wisdom from the Batak Angkola ethnic group, in the context of secondary stroke prevention. Method: This qualitative study was designed based on an interpretive paradigm using a philosophical hermeneutic approach. Data and information were obtained from ten participants, including health academics, healthcare practitioners, traditional leaders, religious figures, and community leaders. Data collection was conducted through a Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and analyzed using content analysis. Results: The results show five main themes including 1) Maintaining Heart Health ; 2) Maintaining Body Hygiene ; 3) Maintaining Clothing Cleanliness ; 4) Maintaining Home Cleanliness ; and 5) Maintaining Yard/Environment Cleanliness . Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that the local wisdom of Poda Na Lima can serve as a valuable guide in secondary stroke prevention, contributing to improved health outcomes among stroke survivors.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Local Wisdom
  topic: keywords
subject: Poda Na Lima
  topic: keywords
subject: Secondary Prevention
  topic: keywords
subject: Strokes
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative Research
  topic: keywords
creator: Nanda Masraini Daulay
creator: Hapiz Arlanda Sani
creator: Henniyati Harahap
creator: Haslinah Ahmad
creator: Nanda Suryani Sagala
creator: Siti Zahara Nasution
creator: Anto J. Hadi
creator: Nur Nasry Noor
creator: Shanti Rizkiyani
creator: Lalu Muhammad Saleh
creator: Sukri Palutturi
creator: Anwar Mallongi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nanda Masraini Daulay, Hapiz Arlanda Sani, Henniyati Harahap, Haslinah Ahmad, Nanda Suryani Sagala, Siti Zahara Nasution, Anto J. Hadi , Nur Nasry Noor, Shanti Rizkiyani, Lalu Muhammad Saleh , Sukri Palutturi, Anwar Mallongi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2716
ending page: 2716
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262716

A Review of AI and Deep Transfer Learning Methods for Plant Disease Detection and Classification
type: item
description: The persistent threat of plant disease epidemics poses significant challenges to global agriculture, making crops susceptible to catastrophic diseases that compromise food security and nutritional well-being. This review critically examines the application of deep transfer learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) in classifying plant diseases, such as tomato leaf diseases. By synthesizing recent advancements in the field, the article highlights how pre-trained models, trained on large-scale image datasets, can be adapted to recognize disease-specific patterns in agricultural contexts. The discussion encompasses key methodologies, including the integration of custom architectures and shallow classifiers, as exemplified by works such as Fruit and Vegetable Leaf Disease Recognition based on a Novel Custom Convolutional Neural Network and Shallow Classifier and An Integrated Framework of Two-Stream Deep Learning Models Optimal Information Fusion for Fruits Disease Recognition. A critical analysis of existing approaches is provided, addressing their strengths, limitations, and the role of dataset quality and diversity in model performance, including the use of publicly available datasets of labelled plant disease images, such as PlantVillage. The review underscores the transformative potential of automation and robotics in reducing disease spread while emphasizing unresolved challenges, such as the need for cost-effective, scalable frameworks. By identifying gaps in current research and proposing future directions, this article aims to guide the development of sustainable, AI-driven solutions for agricultural productivity.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: plant diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: transfer learning
  topic: keywords
subject: convolutional neural networks (CNNs)
  topic: keywords
subject: disease classification
  topic: keywords
creator: Noredine Hajraoui
creator: Mourade Azrour
creator: Yousef Farhaoui
creator: Ahmad El Allaoui
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Noredine Hajraoui, Mourade Azrour, Yousef Farhaoui, Ahmad El Allaoui (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2598
ending page: 2598
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262598

Rational Emotive Behavior Counseling as an Intervention to Strengthen Grit, Growth Mindset, and Academic Resilience in Higher Education
type: item
description: University students frequently encounter substantial academic pressures that may lead to stress, mental fatigue, and procrastination—conditions that negatively affect both academic achievement and psychological well-being. Psychological capacities such as grit, growth mindset, and academic resilience are essential in helping students navigate these challenges; however, structured interventions designed to strengthen these traits remain limited, particularly within the Indonesian higher education context. Therefore, this pilot study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a structured group counseling intervention aimed at enhancing grit, growth mindset, and academic resilience among first-year university students. Twelve students identified with low baseline levels of these traits participated in six counseling sessions emphasizing cognitive restructuring, emotional regulation, and behavioral development. A time-series design was utilized to monitor changes at multiple points before, during, and after the intervention. The results indicated consistent improvement across all measured variables, with participants demonstrating increased perseverance, stronger beliefs in personal growth, and enhanced resilience in responding to academic challenges. These outcomes suggest that structured cognitive-behavioral counseling holds promise as an effective approach for strengthening essential psychological traits that support student adaptation and academic success. Nevertheless, further investigations employing randomized controlled trials with larger samples and follow-up evaluations are recommended to confirm and extend these preliminary findings.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Rational Emotive Behavior Counseling
  topic: keywords
subject: Grit
  topic: keywords
subject: Growth Mindset
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: University Student
  topic: keywords
creator: Galuh Adji Pratama
creator: Mazidah Mohd Dagang
creator: Gian Sugiana Sugara
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Galuh Adji Pratama, Mazidah Mohd Dagang, Gian Sugiana Sugara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2528
ending page: 2528
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262528

The Effect of Noise Intensity, Work Climate and Individual Characteristics on Blood Pressure of Workers PT Bungasari Flour Mills
type: item
description: Introduction: K3 is important because workers are exposed to noise of 95.8–87.8 dBA and a working climate of ISBB 31.6°C which exceeds the threshold, so the influence of both and individual characteristics on workers' blood pressure at PT Bungasari Flour Mills Makassar was studied. Methods: Cross-sectional observational analytical quantitative study; population of all PT Bungasari mill workers (100 people) with total sampling (n=100); instruments: characteristic form, SLM Svantek 971, noise dosimeter Svantek 104 (8 hours), Heat Stress Monitor QuesTemp 46 (WBGT), tensiometer, microtoise, digital scales; analysis in SPSS 23 (univariate, Chi-Square, and multiple logistic regression). Results: The majority of workers were aged 26–35 years (37 %) with a high prevalence of smoking (86 %) and dominant obesity nutritional status (48 %), most of whom had worked for ≥4 years (68 %), and 73 % were exposed to noise and 70 % were exposed to hot working climates above the NAB; This condition was followed by an increase in mean blood pressure (systolic +4.90 mmHg; diastolic +4.08 mmHg) and the test results showed a significant relationship with a history of hypertension (p=0.010–0.014), nutritional status (p=0.001–0.002), smoking habits on systolic (p=0.044), work period (p<0.001), noise (p<0.001), and hot work climate (p=0.001–0.041), while age was only related to diastolic (p=0.010), alcohol (p>0.05) and work shifts (p>0.05) were not significant, and multivariate analysis showed that work period ≥4 years was the only significant predictor of systolic blood pressure (Adj-OR=0.022; p=0.002) and diastolic (Adj-OR=0.105; p=0.016). Conclusions: Noise intensity, work climate, and individual characteristics have a significant effect on workers' blood pressure, so it is necessary to strengthen health monitoring and control of the work environment to prevent hypertension.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: noise
  topic: keywords
subject: work climate
  topic: keywords
subject: individual characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: blood pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: hypertension
  topic: keywords
creator: Rizki Ardiansyah
creator: Yahya Thamrin
creator: Syamsiar S. Russeng
creator: Atjo Wahyu
creator: Andi Zulkifli
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Rizki Ardiansyah , Yahya Thamrin , Syamsiar S. Russeng , Atjo Wahyu, Andi Zulkifli (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2616
ending page: 2616
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262616

Optimization of Tasamuh concept through GESI approach to Fatayat organization to realize inclusive public islam
type: item
description: Introduction: the concept of tasamuh (tolerance) in Indonesia is a fundamental value that is the foundation for people's lives. The concept of tasamuh (tolerance) in Indonesia is a fundamental value that is the foundation for people's lives. This study aims to formulate optimization model tasamuh through GESI approach. Method: this study uses a mixed approach (mixed methods) that combines qualitative and quantitative methods. Research design using a combinative model (convergent parallel design). Data collection techniques were conducted through direct observation, In-Depth Interviews, Questionnaire dissemination, and document analysis. The study sample was 300 people. Results: The results showed that the majority of respondents had a positive perception of the value of Tasamuh and the application of the Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (GESI) principle, with 70–80 % agreeing. Neutral responses ranged from 10-20 %, while negative responses remained below 15 %. These findings suggest that strengthening Tasamuh and applying GESI are effective ways of achieving an inclusive public Islam. Conclusions: fatayat nahdlatul ulama succeeded in internalizing Tasamuh and GESI in building an inclusive and equitable public Islam. Further research could explore the effectiveness of implementing these values at the local level as well as their impact on strengthening the role of women in religious communities.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: tasamuh: gesi
  topic: keywords
subject: fatayat
  topic: keywords
subject: nahdlatul ulama
  topic: keywords
subject: inclusive public islam
  topic: keywords
creator: Ifa Khoiria Ningrum
creator: Agus Sholahudin
creator: Mas Tajuddin Ahmad
creator: Nilna Indriana
creator: Nurul Musyafa'ah
creator: Muhammad Afthon Ulin Nuha
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Ifa Khoiria Ningrum, Agus Sholahudin, Mas Tajuddin Ahmad, Nilna Indriana, Nurul Musyafa'ah, Muhammad Afthon Ulin Nuha (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2658
ending page: 2658
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262658

Digital Citizen Participation and Sustainable Development Goals in Ecuadorian Municipalities: An Integrative Review
type: item
description: Digital citizen participation has emerged over the past decade as an essential component of local governance, particularly within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In Ecuador, municipalities have progressively incorporated digital technologies with the aim of promoting public consultation processes that are more transparent, inclusive, and efficient. The objective of this study was to analyse, through a systematic review and a bibliometric assessment, the impact of digital citizen participation in Ecuadorian municipalities and its relationship with the fulfilment of the SDGs. The search was conducted in the Scopus database, covering publications from 2015 to 2025. Out of a total of 176 identified documents, 26 met the inclusion criteria established in accordance with the PRISMA protocol. The PICo model was applied to structure the research question, and the Bibliometrix software in R was used to generate thematic maps, collaboration networks, factorial analyses, and co-occurrence structures. The results show a significant increase in scientific production related to digital participation, with a particular focus on governmental transparency, territorial planning, and civic engagement. However, limitations persist, including digital divides, low technological literacy, structural inequalities, and the absence of integrated public policies. The findings indicate that digital citizen participation contributes positively to SDGs 11 and 16, especially in relation to access to public information and institutional strengthening. Nevertheless, its effectiveness depends on factors such as technological infrastructure, political will, the inclusion of vulnerable groups, and citizens’ digital competencies. It is concluded that Ecuadorian municipalities require strategies focused on digital equity, technological interoperability, and the promotion of a participatory culture that enables more inclusive and sustainable governance.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: digital citizen participation
  topic: keywords
subject: SDGs
  topic: keywords
subject: municipalities
  topic: keywords
subject: digital divide
  topic: keywords
subject: bibliometrics
  topic: keywords
creator: Francisco Marcelo Alvarado Porras
creator: Marlon Geovanny Salazar Torres
creator: Vanessa Scarlet Navarro Moreira
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Francisco Marcelo Alvarado Porras, Marlon Geovanny Salazar Torres, Vanessa Scarlet Navarro Moreira (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 1574
ending page: 1574
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20251574

Technologies for Stakeholder Management in Sustainable Tourism in Manabí, Ecuador
type: item
description: Introduction: Sustainable tourism faces multiple challenges in the efficient management of its stakeholders, requiring the adoption of innovative solutions. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) and Big Data analytics have proven to be strategic tools for optimizing decision-making and tourism planning. Objective: To analyze the impact of artificial intelligence and Big Data on stakeholder management in the province of Manabí, Ecuador, through the implementation of a predictive analysis and recommendation system. Methods: An AI and Big Data-based system integrating machine learning algorithms and real-time data analysis was developed. A case study was conducted in Manabí, applying inferential statistical analysis tools to assess the system’s effectiveness in stakeholder coordination, resource utilization, and tourist experience enhancement. Results: The integration of AI and Big Data improves stakeholder coordination, optimizes resource utilization, and enhances the tourist experience. Statistical analyses reveal significant differences in response time reduction, resource savings, and stakeholder satisfaction after system implementation. Conclusions: These technologies represent a viable strategy to promote sustainability and efficiency in the tourism sector. Investment in digital infrastructure and training programs is recommended to facilitate adoption.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Tourism
  topic: keywords
subject: Stakeholders
  topic: keywords
subject: Technological Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Big Data
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability
  topic: keywords
creator: Maritza Sandra Pibaque Pionce
creator: Jose Jorge Tualombo Tituaña
creator: Martha Lorena Figueroa Soledispa
creator: Gloria Pascuala Chiquito Tigua
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Maritza Sandra Pibaque Pionce, Jose Jorge Tualombo Tituaña, Martha Lorena Figueroa Soledispa, Gloria Pascuala Chiquito Tigua (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-11
publication date: 2025-12-11
starting page: 1509
ending page: 1509
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20251509

Enhancing the Effectiveness of Learning Models: Key Factors Explored Higher Education
type: item
description: Enhancing the effectiveness of learning models remains a challenge in the digital era, making it crucial to understand the factors that influence learning outcomes. This study aims to analyze the factors affecting the effectiveness of learning models in a digital context. A quantitative survey was conducted using questionnaires as the primary data collection instrument, involving 144 students from the Informatics Study Program at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Padang. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Smart PLS 4.0 software, and the measurement model was found to be valid and reliable. The results indicate that student characteristics and learning quality have positive but modest effects on learning effectiveness, while the learning environment and learning models show minimal negative correlations. Learning technology was identified as the most influential factor, significantly enhancing the effectiveness of learning models. These findings suggest that prioritizing learning technology can substantially improve the effectiveness of digital learning, whereas other factors have relatively smaller impacts.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Student Characteristics
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Quality
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Environment
  topic: keywords
subject: Learning Technology
  topic: keywords
creator: Ika Parma Dewi
creator: Doni Tri Putra Yanto
creator: Ilmiyati Rahmy Jasri
creator: Afif Rahman Riyanda
creator: Mastri Dihita Sagala
creator: Cherifa Boudia
creator: Dedy Irfan
creator: Asmaa Bengueddach
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Ika Parma Dewi, Doni Tri Putra Yanto, Ilmiyati Rahmy Jasri, Afif Rahman Riyanda, Mastri Dihita Sagala, Cherifa Boudia, Dedy Irfan, Asmaa Bengueddach (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 2304
ending page: 2304
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20252304

Effect of Generative Artificial Intelligence Use on Diagnostic Learning in Medical Students: A Quasi-Experimental Study
type: item
description: Generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as a transformative tool in medical education, particularly in the development of diagnostic learning and clinical reasoning skills. This study aimed to examine the effect of GenAI use on diagnostic learning among medical students through a quasi-experimental pretest–posttest design. A total of 62 students participated, assigned to an experimental group that used GenAI to solve clinical cases and a control group that relied on traditional study methods. Findings showed a markedly greater improvement in the experimental group, which achieved higher gains in diagnostic accuracy, quality of reasoning and reduced case-resolution time. Students' perceptions were highly positive, emphasising the usefulness, clarity and cognitive support offered by GenAI. Although moderate risks of error were identified, they did not significantly affect the overall evaluation of the tool. The study concludes that generative AI significantly enhances diagnostic learning and strengthens essential clinical competencies, provided its implementation occurs within an appropriate ethical and pedagogical framework. These results open new avenues for research regarding curriculum integration, impact on more complex clinical scenarios and its potential as an intelligent tutoring resource in contemporary medical education.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: generative artificial intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: clinical reasoning
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnostic learning
  topic: keywords
subject: medical education
  topic: keywords
subject: quasi-experimental study
  topic: keywords
creator: Johanna Nathaly Hidalgo Guevara
creator: Alexander Ismael Hidalgo Guevara
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Johanna Nathaly Hidalgo Guevara, Alexander Ismael Hidalgo Guevara (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 1564
ending page: 1564
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20251564

Impact of collaborative STEAM learning on the development of metacognitive skills in students
type: item
description: This study was conducted to understand how collaborative learning within a STEAM framework had influenced the development of metacognitive skills among primary and secondary students, considering the persistent challenges of cognitive self-regulation in Latin American educational contexts. The general objective was to determine the impact of this interdisciplinary methodology on students’ planning, monitoring, and self-assessment abilities. A mixed-method sequential explanatory design was applied, including pretest and posttest questionnaires administered to 600 students and semi-structured interviews with 100 teachers. The results showed significant improvements in students’ ability to organize study strategies, evaluate their performance, and reflect on the cognitive processes used. Teachers' interviews supported these findings, describing increased autonomy, active participation, and meaningful engagement in collaborative tasks. Overall, the STEAM intervention enabled students to develop greater metacognitive awareness, demonstrating that disciplinary integration and cooperative work constituted effective pathways for enhancing cognitive self-regulation and promoting deeper learning.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: collaborative learning
  topic: keywords
subject: STEAM
  topic: keywords
subject: metacognition
  topic: keywords
subject: self-regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: education
  topic: keywords
creator: José Fabricio Cabrera Toro
creator: María Alejandra Cordero Apolo
creator: María Marcela Cabrera Toro
creator: Daniel Fernando Cabrera Toro
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 José Fabricio Cabrera Toro, María Alejandra Cordero Apolo, María Marcela Cabrera Toro, Daniel Fernando Cabrera Toro (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: 1603
ending page: 1603
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20251603

Effective Therapeutic Communication Model in Reducing Stunting in Secanggang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra
type: item
description: This research aims to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a therapeutic communication model in reducing the prevalence of stunting in Secanggang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. Given the high stunting rates ranging from 20-25%, and the need for effective and sustainable intervention, this study designs a model that is responsive to the local social and cultural context. The urgency of this research lies in the pressing need for interventions that not only increase awareness but also change community behaviors related to child care and nutrition practices, aligning with WHO targets and national policies. The methodology employed is qualitative with a phenomenological approach to deeply understand the experiences and perspectives of the community. Primary data was collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and focused group discussions (FGDs) in locations with high stunting prevalence. Data analysis was conducted using Miles, Huberman, and Saldana’s method which includes creating matrices, categorization, coding, visual data presentation, and validating findings through triangulation techniques to strengthen result validity. The findings indicate that the proposed therapeutic communication model—including health education, family support, participatory communication, health service integration, and policy advocacy—has significant potential to improve community nutritional knowledge and behaviors. However, challenges in implementing this model primarily involve limitations in infrastructure, access to services, and sustainability of community participation. Discussion of these results leads to recommendations for adjusting the model to consider specific needs and local conditions, and for enhancing resources and cross-sector collaboration for more effective implementation.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Communication Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Therapeutic
  topic: keywords
subject: Stunting
  topic: keywords
subject: Secanggang
  topic: keywords
creator: Dewi Kurniawati
creator: Nurmaini Nurmaini
creator: Aulia Rahma Ritonga
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dewi Kurniawati, Nurmaini, Aulia Rahma Ritonga (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2562
ending page: 2562
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262562

QBD Driven Approach Design and Optimization of Lipid-Based Nanoformulation of Cannabidiol for Enhanced Treatment of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
type: item
description: Introduction: The non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a very commonly detected malignancy globally, contributing significantly to patient morbidity and placing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. Objective: This study aims to develop a stable cannabidiol (CBD)-incorporated nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) for treating the non-melanoma skin cancer. Methods: In the current study, we report the design, development and characterization of a cannabidiol (CBD)-incorporated nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) gel formulation (CBD loaded NLC gel), a novel topical therapeutic approach for treating the NMSC. The optimization of the NLC was effectively carried out using a central composite design (CCD), which enabled the systematic evaluation of formulation variables and their impact on key physicochemical parameters. Results: The final optimized CBD-NLC formulation exhibited mean particle size of 154.7 nm and a zeta potential of +30.12 mV, indicating good stability and potential for effective skin interaction. The cumulative drug release and skin permeation studies using Wistar rat skin demonstrated enhanced and sustained delivery of CBD into the epidermal and dermal layers, facilitated by the lipid-based nanocarrier system. Further, the cytotoxic ability of the CBD Loaded NLC formulation was evaluated using A375 human melanoma cells. The MTT assay revealed a significantly lower IC₅₀ value of 3.07 µg/mL for the CBD loaded NLC gel compared to conventional formulations, indicating improved anticancer activity. Conclusion: Cannabidiol (CBD)-incorporated nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) gel formulation exhibited suitable release, skin permeation and cytotoxic potential for the treatment the non-melanoma skin cancer.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Skin Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Cannabidiol
  topic: keywords
subject: Topical Route
  topic: keywords
subject: NLC
  topic: keywords
subject: A375 human skin cancer cell lines
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed F. Aldawsari
creator: Md. Khalid Anwer
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Mohammed F. Aldawsari, Md. Khalid Anwer (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2523
ending page: 2523
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262523

Moving Out Of The Class And Developing Environmental Awareness: Experiential Learning Based Ecopedagogy In Action
type: item
description: Introduction: Integrating experiential learning into ecopedagogy provides a practical framework for fostering students’ ecological intelligence and environmental awareness through authentic, context-based experiences. However, conventional science education in Indonesia remains dominated by classroom-based instruction, limiting students’ engagement with real environmental issues. This study aimed to develop and implement the Experiential Learning–Based Ecopedagogy (ELCoCare) model to bridge theoretical understanding with environmental action. Method: This study employed a descriptive qualitative approach to design, implement, and evaluate an experiential learning-based ecopedagogy model (ELCoCare) to enhance students’ environmental awareness. The model comprised five experiential stages—experiencing, reflecting, constructing, performing, and continuing—integrated with ecopedagogical principles. Data were collected through observations, questionnaires, reflective journals, and interviews, and analyzed using a mixed-methods approach that combined descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. Results: The findings indicated a marked improvement in students’ environmental awareness, reflective thinking, and sense of ecological responsibility. Participants exhibited higher sensitivity to local environmental problems and developed innovative solutions through vertical and straightforward farming projects. The structured ELCoCare cycle effectively linked theoretical knowledge with action-oriented sustainability practices. Conclusions: The ELCoCare model successfully enhanced students’ environmental awareness and ecological intelligence by merging experiential learning with ecopedagogy. The approach promoted critical reflection, problem-solving, and sustainable behavior, preparing students to act as environmentally responsible citizens. The model demonstrates strong potential for integration into higher education curricula to strengthen sustainability-oriented teaching and …
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Ecological intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: ecopedagogy
  topic: keywords
subject: environmental awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: experiential learning
  topic: keywords
subject: sustainability education
  topic: keywords
creator: Dwi Yuniasih Saputri
creator: Sukarmin Sukarmin
creator: Asrowi Asrowi
creator: Riyadi Riyadi
creator: Elda Frediana Rety Kartika
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Dwi Yuniasih Saputri , Sukarmin, Asrowi , Riyadi, Elda Frediana Rety Kartika (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2586
ending page: 2586
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262586

Predictive model of complex networks for geopolitical conflicts in global trade: the case of Ecuador
type: item
description: Introduction: the development of Latin American countries requires clear economic integration strategies that reduce the risks associated with geopolitical conflicts. In an international scenario marked by trade tensions and rivalries between powers, the ability to anticipate risk scenarios becomes a strategic tool for guiding national policies and decisions. The objective is to develop a predictive model based on complex networks to assess geopolitical conflicts arising from global trade, applied in Ecuador. Method: the study relied on the structural-functional systemic method to comprehensively analyze the interactions between economic and political factors. A bibliographic review was conducted in high-impact databases, Scopus and Web of Science, complemented by official reports and statements from heads of state. The model was built using Gephi 1.10.1 software, which allowed for a visual representation of trade and geopolitical networks. To assess its robustness, the Historical Validation (Backtesting) method was applied, comparing the model's predictions with events that occurred during the reference period. Results: the results showed high accuracy in identifying geopolitical conflicts, successfully predicting trade tensions with Ecuador's main trading partners, although discrepancies were observed in the actual intensity of some events. Conclusions: while the model is an effective tool for anticipating risks and guiding trade strategies, it requires adjustments that incorporate qualitative and contextual variables. These findings reinforce the need to complement quantitative approaches with interdisciplinary analysis to increase predictive capacity in complex scenarios.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Geopolitical conflicts
  topic: keywords
subject: complex networks
  topic: keywords
subject: global trade
  topic: keywords
subject: imports
  topic: keywords
subject: exports
  topic: keywords
creator: Edwin Santiago Núñez Naranjo
creator: Belky Nerea Orbes Revelo
creator: Julio Ricardo Avendaño Barrera
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Edwin Santiago Núñez Naranjo, Belky Nerea Orbes Revelo , Julio Ricardo Avendaño Barrera (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2578
ending page: 2578
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262578

Body Image Concept of Women's Gym Community in Makassar City
type: item
description: Introduction: An ideal body and an attractive appearance are desired by many women. Method: This research is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach using an in-depth interview method with 18 informants. Results: Gym members had diverse perceptions of body image, encompassing physical assessments, social perceptions, self-improvement motivation, and self-acceptance. These perceptions were shaped by internal and external factors, with social media being a dominant influence in shaping ideal body standards, along with influences from their immediate environment, the gym community, and work demands. Positive body image was shown to improve self-confidence and social performance, while some women still experienced pressure from unrealistic beauty standards. Conclusion: It is necessary to strengthen the concept of body positivity through education, holistic support, and healthy body diversity campaigns to form a healthier and more sustainable body perception.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: body image
  topic: keywords
subject: women's gym community
  topic: keywords
subject: perception
  topic: keywords
creator: Irma Payuk
creator: Suriah
creator: Indra Fajarwati Ibnu
creator: Shanty Riskiyani
creator: Apik Indarty Moedjiono
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Irma Payuk, Suriah, Indra Fajarwati Ibnu, Shanty Riskiyani, Apik Indarty Moedjiono (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2601
ending page: 2601
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262601

A Post-Pandemic Management Model for Enhancing Junior High School Teachers’ Professional Competence in Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Development and Validation
type: item
description: The Covid-19 pandemic exposed critical gaps in the professional competence of Indonesian teachers, particularly in digital pedagogy and adaptive instruction. In the Special Region of Yogyakarta, government-led initiatives such as the Zoning-Based Learning Competency Development Program (PKP) and the Teacher Leadership Program (PPGP) were implemented during the pandemic but exhibited systemic weaknesses, including inconsistent execution, weak monitoring, and limited reach to suburban and remote schools. This study investigates the management models applied during the pandemic, identifies their operational shortcomings, and proposes a novel, empirically grounded conceptual model for post-pandemic teacher professional development. Using a mixed-methods research and development design adapted from Borg and Gall, data were collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis involving 70 teachers, school principals, supervisors, and education officials in Bantul Regency. Findings reveal that existing models relied on only four classical management functions and suffered from poor planning, inadequate technological integration, and insufficient follow-up. In response, the researchers developed a six-function management model—planning, organizing, facilitating, actuating, controlling, and evaluating—centered on blended collaborative study groups and university–school partnerships. Expert validation (n = 8) and three phases of field trials (n = 10, 20, and 30 teachers) demonstrated high effectiveness (mean = 3.73), efficiency (mean = 3.73), and practicality (mean = 3.67) on a 4-point Likert scale. The model offers a scalable, context-sensitive framework for post-pandemic teacher development in Indonesia and similar Global South contexts.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Teacher Professional Competence
  topic: keywords
subject: Post-Pandemic Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Management Model
  topic: keywords
subject: Blended Professional Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Yogyakarta
  topic: keywords
creator: Vezir Ashyrnepesov
creator: Suyanto
creator: Cepi Safruddin Abd Jabar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Vezir Ashyrnepesov, Suyanto, Cepi Safruddin Abd Jabar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2608
ending page: 2608
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262608

Development and Evaluation of SIADIL (Sistem Informasi Aktivitas Dukungan Instrumental Lansia): A Community-Based Digital System to Enhance Older Adults’ Care in Rural Indonesia
type: item
description: Introduction: older adults in rural areas face challenges in performing instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) due to limited access to resources. However, intergenerational social support and increasing digital literacy among older adults present new opportunities for community-based technological interventions. This study aimed to develop and evaluate SIADIL (Sistem Informasi Aktivitas Dukungan Instrumental Lansia), a community-based digital system to optimize care for older adults in rural settings. Method: this study used the ADDIE model. Data were collected from older adults, family caregivers, youth, and nurses through focus group discussions and usability testing. The evaluation was assessed using a structured questionnaire adapted from the System Usability Scale, covering the domains of usability, functionality, transportability, reliability, and acceptance. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Qualitative feedback was analyzed thematically to identify areas for improvement in design and functionality. Results: during the development phase, 21 participants, including older adults, family caregivers, youth, and nurses, were involved. The system also underwent expert validation focusing on content accuracy, functional suitability, and user interface quality. Seventy participants were included in the study during the evaluation phase. Overall, 95.7 % of respondents found the navigation clear and intuitive. Nearly all respondents (98.6 %) reported that the application was useful, efficient, and enhanced communication between caregivers and older adults. Conclusions: SIADIL is a feasible, user-accepted innovation to enhance IADL performance among rural older adults through intergenerational and digital collaboration. Further testing is recommended to evaluate its long-term impact on older adults’ independence and quality of life.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: Access to health services
  topic: keywords
subject: Community vulnerability assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: Health care for the poor
  topic: keywords
subject: Health services accessibility
  topic: keywords
subject: Social care service
  topic: keywords
creator: I Gede Putu Darma Suyasa
creator: Ni Luh Putu Inca Buntari Agustini
creator: Israfil Israfil
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 I Gede Putu Darma Suyasa, Ni Luh Putu Inca Buntari Agustini, Israfil Israfil (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2596
ending page: 2596
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262596

Development of BETA learning applications (Balaghah and exploration Tadzawwuq Adabiy) on Balaghah subjects to realize pesantren Revolution 5.0
type: item
description: Introduction: pesantren education faces the greatest challenge of integrating traditional values with technological innovations in order to remain relevant to the needs of the times. This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of BETA learning applications as a balaghah learning medium in line with the concept of pesantren Revolution 5.0. Methods: research was conducted using the Borg & Gall R&D method. The initial trial involved 50 students, followed by a large-scale test with 100 students. The research instruments used were observation, testing, questionnaires and expert validation, as well as statistical and descriptive tests. Results: the study showed that experts declared the BETA application highly viable, with a feasibility rate above 90 %. Students showed over 80% active participation, increasing the average understanding and appreciation of Arabic literature to over 80 %. These findings suggest that using BETA applications effectively improves the quality of Balaghah learning while maintaining student engagement. Conclusions: the BETA application was proven to be a feasible and effective learning medium for Balaghah, increasing student motivation, participation and learning outcomes. Further research will focus on developing application features and adapting them for different levels of education, as well as conducting comparative studies with other digital learning media.
subject: Original
  topic: section
subject: learning applications
  topic: keywords
subject: balaghah
  topic: keywords
subject: pesantren Revolution 5.0
  topic: keywords
subject: digital media
  topic: keywords
subject: interactive learning
  topic: keywords
subject: tadzawwuq adabiy
  topic: keywords
creator: Nurul Musyafa'ah
creator: Ulfa Ulfa
creator: Amirul Kholid
creator: Rizka Widayanti
creator: Muhammad Afthon Ulin Nuha
creator: Hilmy Aliriad
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Musyafa'ah, Ulfa Ulfa, Amirul Kholid, Rizka Widayanti, Muhammad Afthon Ulin Nuha, Hilmy Aliriad (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-01
publication date: 2026-01-01
starting page: 2639
ending page: 2639
doi: 10.56294/saludcyt20262639